Sec 2 Approach to Dermatologic Diagnosis Flashcards
Solid elevated lesion less than 0.5cm in which a significant portion projects above the plane pf surrounding skin.
Papule
Solid plateau-like elevation that occupies a relatively large surface area in comparison with its height above normal skin level and has a diameter larger than 0.5cm
Plaque
A solid, round or ellipsoidal palpable lesion that has a diameter larger than 0.5cm
Nodule
General term for any mass, benign or malignant
Tumor
An encapsulated cavity or sac lined with a true epithelium that contains fluid or semi-solid material
Cyst
A swelling of the skin that is characteristically evanescent, disappearing within hours, which may be tiny papules or giant plaques and may take the form of various shapes
Wheal
Deeper edematous reaction that occurs in areas with very loose dermis and subcutaneous tissue such as lip, eyelid or scrotum
Angioedema
Arises from proliferation of fibrous tissue that replaces previously normal collagen after a wound or ulceration breaches the reticular dermis
Scar
A hair follicle infundibulum that is dilated and plugged by keratin and lipids
Comedo
A hyperkeratotic conical mass of cornified cells arising over abnormally differentiated epidermis
Horn
Deposits of calcium in the dermis or subcutaneous tissue
Calcinosis
Moist circumscribed depressed lesion that results from loss of a portion or all viable epidermal or mucosal epithelium; do not scar
Erosion
Defect in which the epidermis and at least the upper papillary dermis have been destroyer; heals with scarring
Ulcer
Refers to a dimunition in size of cell, tissue, organ or part of the body
Atrophy
Refers to the combination of atrophy, telangiectasia and varied pigmentary changes
Poikiloderma
A tract connecting deep suppurative cavities to each other or to the surface of skin
Sinus
Linear depressions of the skin that result from changes to the reticular collagen that occur with rapid stretching of the skin
Striae
A wavy threadlike tunnel through the outer portion of the epidermis
Burrow
Refers to a circumscribed or diffuse hardening or induration of the skin that results from dermal fibrosis
Sclerosis
Flat even with surface level of surrounding skin and perceptible only as an area of color different from surrounding skin or mucous membrane
Macule
Similar to macule but larger than 0.5cm
Patch
Represents the blanchable pink to red color of skin or mucous membrane that is due to dilatatiin of arteries and veins
Erythema
Generalized deep redness if the skin involving more than 90% of the body surface within days to weeks
Erythroderma
A flat plate or flake arising from the outermost layer of stratum corneum
Scale
Excessive cornification, thickening of normal keratin
Hyperkeratosis
Hardened deposits that result when serum, blood or purulent exudate dries on the surface of the skin
Crust
Surface excavations of epidermjs from scratching
Excoriations
Linear loss of continuity or skin’s surface or mucosa from excessive tension or decreased elasticity
Fissure
An area of thickened skin with accentuated skin markings induced by repeated rubbing
Lichenification
An excessive accumulation of scale that results in yellowish thickening of the skin
Keratoderma
Implies tissue necrosis, infarction, deep burns, gangrene or other ulcerating process
Eschar
Fluid-filled cavity or elevation smaller than or equal to 0.5cm
Vesicle
Fluid-filled cavity or elevation larger than 0.5cm
Bulla
Circumscribed raised cavity in the epidermis or infundibulum containing pus
Pustule
Deep necrotizing folliculitis with suppuration
Furuncle
Localized accumulation of purulent material deep in the dermis or subcutaneous tissue
Abscess
Extravasation of red blood from cutaneous vessels into skin or mucous membranes resulting into reddish-purple lesions
Purpura
Persistent dilatations of small capillaries in the superficial dermis that are visible as fine bright nonpulsatile red linea or net-like patterns on skin
Telangiectasia
Area of cutaneous necrosis resulting from a bland or inflammatory occlusion of blood vessels in skin
Infarct
Faulty and accelerated cornification leads to a retention of pyknotic nuclei of epidermal cells
Parakeratosis
Premature or abnormal keratinization of individual keratinocytes
Dyskeratosis
Loss of cohesion between epidermal cells due to influx of tissue fluid into epidermis
Spongiosis
Primary loss of cohesion of epidermal cells characterized by widening and separation of the interdesmosomal regions of the cell membranes of keratinocytes followed by splitting and disappearance of desmosomes
Acantholysis
