Sebastian And Hernandez Gill 2012 Flashcards
Contemporary: Sebastian and Hernandez-Gill 2012
Aim
To see if working memory ( in particular the phonological loop) develops with age
And to look at the decline in digit span in the elderly including those with two types of dementia
and compare all data to Anglo-Saxon data
Contemporary: Sebastian and Hernandez-Gill 2012
+ Generalisability
570 spanish students aged 5-17
272 males 298 females
all from madrid schools
all born in spain
all healthy hearing + read and write abilitys
5: 3.76
6-8 : 4.34
9-11
12-14
15-17 : 5.83
Due to the sample only consisting of Spanish speakers the results that the digit span is developed until the age of 17 where it reaches the adult level in Spanish speakers can be generalised to the target population of all Spanish speakers, including the population of other spanish-speaking countries such as Chile and Panama
Making the study highly generalisable
2010 elderly:
25 healthy
25 alzhimers
9 frontal temporal dementia
Contemporary: Sebastian and Hernandez-Gill 2012
+ Test retest reliability
The study had a standardized procedure:
570 Participants would test it individually at their break times
ppts instructed: “ listen carefully and recall the digits in the same order as presented”
a sequence of digits were read aloud at a rate of one-digit/sec
started at 3 sequences of 3 digits
if get all in right order then add another digit and do 3 sequences of that amount till cant recall 3/3
then last sequence with atleast 2/3 is regarded as the digit span
(DV)
the mean of each of the 5 groups (5, 6-8, 9-11, 12-14, 15-17 yrs [ages = IV]) results is compared
This was kept the same for both the 2010 elderly population study and the 2012 student study
This standardised procedure and the fact that it was done in 2010 and 2012 proves that this study has a high test retest reliability
Contemporary: Sebastian and Hernandez-Gill 2012
Mundane realism -
This study has low mundane realism due to the unlikliness of a person being tasked with remembering and recalling increasingly longer sequences of digits and therefore due to this task having a very unlikely chance of happening in real life the study has low mundane realism
Contemporary: Sebastian and Hernandez-Gill 2012
Compared to Anglo Data and 2010 elderly/ dimentia/ Alzheimer’s data
It was concluded that digit span in spanish-speaking populations increases until the age of 17 whereas in English-speaking populations it’s increases up to the age of 15
this is due to baddeleys (1975) word effect: which is where memory span is reduced in with long words compared to list with shorter words
(B4 sub vocal rehersal (Which dev at age 7) Anglo and spanish children had sim Digit Spans
(till post 7 cuz word effect start when rehersal starts)
The elderly people, people with Alzheimers and people with frontal temporal dimension =
mean digit span: H 4.4, AL 4.2 and D 4.22
H = More than 5, 6 but not sig diff to others
AL=.Same but not 6
D = sim to age 5
phonological loop effected by age but not Dementia
5: 3.7
6-8: 4.3
9-11: 5.1
12-14: 5 4
15-17: 5.8
H: 4.4
Alz: 4.2
D: 4.22
Anglo 17: 7
Contemporary: Sebastian and Hernandez-Gill 2012
Ethics - (2010 version)
This study had low ethics due to during the 2010 version of the study the elderly with both Alzheimer’s and frontal temporal dementia were used as part as the sample they may have memory difficulties and therefore would be unable to remember that they’ve given consent or are taking part in a study therefore their consent may not be valid
Therefore giving this study low ethics
Contemporary: Sebastian and Hernandez-Gill 2012
Conclusion + aplication
In conclusion this study successfully proves that both digit span and working memory increase the age of 17 in the spanish-speaking population
Aplication: due to the digit span increasing until the age of 17 in the spanish-speaking population this can be used to help scale the amount of revision done by students has not to over or under work themselves and to be able to revise efficiently in scale to their digit span at that age
Contemporary: Sebastian and Hernandez-Gill 2012
order
Aim
Generalisability +
Mundane realism -
test retest reliability +
ethics-
conclusion
comparison to anglo + old + memory imparment
aplication
