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PHARM 312 (Final) > Search and Selection > Flashcards

Search and Selection Flashcards

1
Q

Role of Systematic Review

A

Should report all relevent evidence to answer the focus clinical question

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2
Q

Role of Meta Analysis

A

Individual study may not represent the total body of evidence
- Can use meta-analysis to provide a summary estimate of effect
- Provides a greater range of patients than a single study
- Results can be more generalizable

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3
Q

Clinical Decision Making and Meta-Analysis/Systematic Reviews

A

Treatment Regimens
- What dose to use

Patient Populations
- Specific Characteristics

Monitoring
- How frequently, what to measure

Sample Size Calculation
- For planning studies

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4
Q

Major steps of a systematic review and meta-analysis

A
  1. Research Hypothesis
    2a. Identify all studies
    2b. Extract key information
  2. Statistical Analysis
  3. Formulate conclusions
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5
Q

Research Hypothesis Step

A

Develop PICO question and develop a protocol for statistical appraisal

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6
Q

Identify All Studies Step

A
  • Initiate protocol search strategy
  • Have clear inclusion/exclusion strategies
  • Use multiple databases
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7
Q

Extract Key Information Step

A
  • Extract elements of study protocol with two authors independently
  • Extract results
  • Assess risk of bias
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8
Q

Statistical Analysis Step

A
  • Regression Models
  • Forest Plots
  • Statistical Heterogenicity
  • Models
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9
Q

Formulate Conclusions

A
  • Assess quality and certainty of meta analysis
  • Draw conclusions based on findings and quality of evidence
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10
Q

What does AMSTAR2 stand for

A

A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews (Version 2)

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11
Q

AMSTAR2 Steps (Search and Selection)

A
  1. Research questions and Inclusion Criteria includes PICO
  2. Review methods established before review was conducted
  3. Selection of studies explained (Randomized vs Observational)
  4. Author used a comprehensive literature search strategy
  5. Study selection performed in duplicate
  6. Data extraction performed in duplicate
  7. Excluded studies include justification
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12
Q

Literature Review

A

Narrative driven
- Follows authors opinion
- Meant to establish general overview on a topic

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13
Q

Systematic Review

A

Focuses on a clinical based question
- Qualitative, descriptive summary of information

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14
Q

Meta Analysis

A

Uses statistical analyses to provide a quantitative summary of study observations
- Combines results to create a pooled set of data

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15
Q

Can you have a meta analysis without a systematic review

A

Yes, both are not dependent on each other
- Can have one without the other

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16
Q

Where to find PICO

A

Intro, Abstract, Methods

17
Q

Where to find Inclusion Criteria

A

Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria and Study Characteristics Table

18
Q

Protocol and Bias

A

Ensure a protocol was developed before the study to mitigate risks

19
Q

Where to find when Protocol was developed

A
  • Methods
  • Registry PROSPERO
  • Publication protocol of the journal
  • Date submitted to research office / ethics board
20
Q

What is PROSPERO

A

A repository of systematic reviews that have already been done

21
Q

Randomized Controlled Trials vs Observational Studies

A

RCT: Best estimate of treatment effect
- Could be too restrictive and specific

Observational: Offers more wider arrays of info with a larger sample sizes
- Prone to bias

Author has to explain if they used RCT, Observational, or both and the reason why

22
Q

Comprehensive Literature Search Strategy

A

Pubmed or Medline
Cochrane
Embase
Web of Science

23
Q

Pubmed Or Medline?

A

Medline contains most of all of Pubmeds references
- Just use 1 or the other

24
Q

Ideal description of comprehensive literature search strategyFai

A

At least 2 electronic databases

Full search strategy

Years covered

25
Q

Publication Bias

A

Failure to publish all results
- Can leave unfavorable results to boost the study

26
Q

Sources of Publication Bias

A

Trial Design

Final Results

Manuscript Submission

27
Q

Study Selection Duplicate

A

Prevent selection bias by having 2 or more investigators selecting studies

28
Q

Where to find if the Study Selection was done in duplicate

A

Methods

29
Q

Why may a study be excluded

A

May be necessary because the population, intervention, control, or outcomes of the study are irrelevant
- Should not exclude studies based on their quality

PHARM 312 (Final) (16 decks)

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