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SD and NSD > SD Day 3 > Flashcards

SD Day 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Medications given fro patients with angina pectoris

A

NTG - Nitroglycerides

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2
Q

Maximum dosage for nitroglycerides

A

3 tabs sublingual

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3
Q

Common side effects of nitroglycerides

A

headaches, dizziness, tachycardia and orthostatic hypotension

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4
Q

aka “Zosin” drugs

A

Alpha 1 blockers

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5
Q

Side effects of alpha 1 blockers

A

reflex tachycardia and orthostatic hypotension

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6
Q

aka “olol drugs”

A

Beta Blockers

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7
Q

Reflexes blood vessels and heart mm.

A

beta blockers

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8
Q

used as an antidote for beta blocker overdose

A

atropine

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9
Q

Side effects of calcium blockers

A

Peripheral Edema

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10
Q

aka “Pril” drugs

A

ACE inhibitors

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11
Q

side effects of ACE inhibitors

A

dry hacking cough

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12
Q

medication common given for patients with CHF

A

Digitalis or Digoxin

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13
Q

Effects of Digitalis

A

Increase heart contractility and decreases heart rate

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14
Q

Antidote for digitalis toxicity

A

Atropine, digibind/digifab (increases heart rate)

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15
Q

Medications prescribed for patients with edema

A

diuretics

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16
Q

Side-effects of diuretics

A

electrolyte imbalance

Hypokalemia and Hyponatremia

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17
Q

This type of medications converts plasminogen to plasmin, degrades fibrin presents in clots

A

thrombolytics

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18
Q

Used to reduce risk of blood clots and prevents existing clots from getting bigger

A

anticoagulants (heparin - short term and warfarin - long term)

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19
Q

Antidote of heparin overdose

A

Protamine sulfate

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20
Q

This anticoagulant has a 7 day effects

A

Warfarin

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21
Q

Antidote for warfarin overdose

A

Vitamin K

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22
Q

Patients using warfarin and heparin are contraindicated for this type of manual therapy technique

A

Manipulation

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23
Q

Frequency of exercise for patients in stage 1 of cardiac rehab

A

2-3x per day, 3-5x days per week

*short exercise sessions

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24
Q

ruptures surgical area at the sternum

A

sternal dehiscence

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25
Q

Cardiac rehab level: Comode Privilage

A

level 2

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26
Q

Cardiac rehab level: pulse taking

A

level 4

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27
Q

Cardiac rehab level: Borg’s scale

A

level 3

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28
Q

Cardiac rehab level: full flight of stairs

A

level 6

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29
Q

Frequency of exercise for patients in stage 2 cardiac rehab

A

30-60 min with 5-10 min warm-up and cool down, 2-3 times per week

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30
Q

Exercises in stage 2 cardiac rehab must be at what range of Borgs RPE

A

11-13 Rate of Perceived Exertion

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31
Q

Goal of phase 3 of cardiac rehabilitation

A

supervised to self regulation exercise

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32
Q

Exercises in stage 3 cardiac rehab must be at what range of Borgs RPE

A

3-4x/week, 45 min or more per session

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33
Q

This phase is lifetime to prove optimal health and has cardiac stable cardiac condition.

A

Phase 4 cardiac rehabilitation

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34
Q

Sudden worsening of intermittent claudication indicates (red flag)

A

Thromboembolism

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35
Q

Angina not relieved within 20 min indicates (red flag)

A

MI or unstable angina

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36
Q

This structures compose the upper airway

A

nose or mouth, pharynx and larynx

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37
Q

This structure filters, humidifies and warms the air

A

nose

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38
Q

This structure is used for both respiratory and digestive systems

A

Pharynx

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39
Q

aka Voice Box

A

Larynx

40
Q

Area where diffusion of gas and true gas exchange occurs

A

Respiratory Bronchioles, alveolar sac and alveoli

41
Q

inhalation or ingestion of some foreign material into the lungs

A

aspiration

42
Q

Most common area for apiration

A

left common bronchi

43
Q

functional unit of the respiratory system

A

alveoli

44
Q

1-16th generation of bronchi function

A

no gas exchange

45
Q

17-23rd generation of bronchi function

A

gas exchange occurs

46
Q

this lung has the cardiac notch

A

Left Lung

47
Q

This lung is shorter in order to accommodate the liver

A

Right Lung

48
Q

How many fissure and lobes does the right lung have

A

2 fissures (horizontal and oblique) and 3 lobes (upper, middle and lower)

49
Q

How many fissures does the left lung have

A

1 fissure (oblique) and 2 lobes (upper and lower)

50
Q

how segments does the Right lung have

A

10 segments

51
Q

how many segments does the Left lung have

A

8 segments

52
Q

If a chest x-ray has a radioopaque or white area where there would normally be air it would indicate

A

consideration of fluid, modules or masses

53
Q

Inner pleura that covers the lungs

A

Visceral pleura

54
Q

outer pleura that covers the chest wall

A

parietal pleura

55
Q

This pleura in sensitive to pain

A

visceral pleura

56
Q

exchange of gas between the alveoli and pulmonary capillaries

A

external respiration

Haldane effect - gas exchange that occurs in a respiratory unit

57
Q

exchange of gas between the capillaries and tissue

A

internal respiration - Bohr effects

58
Q

primary muscles for inspiration

A

Diaphragm and External Intercostal mm

59
Q

Primary muscle for expiration

A

none, relaxed expiration is done by the lungs natural recoil

60
Q

Normal V/Q

A

0.8 (400/500)

61
Q

High V/Q - more air, less blood

A

Dead Space

62
Q

Area of the lungs with the lowest blood flow

A

Apex of the lungs

63
Q

This area of the lung has evenly match ventilation and perfusion

A

Middle Lobe

64
Q

This area of the lung has highest blood flow and is gravity dependent

A

Base

65
Q

Painon neck and anterior chest

A

Tracheobronchial pain

66
Q

sharp localized pain during respiratory movements, alleviated whinnying on left side (auto splinting)

A

Pleural Pain

67
Q

felt along the coastal margin

A

Diaphragmatic pain

68
Q

Pink and frothy sputum indicates

A

Pulmonary Edema

69
Q

Purulent and yellow sputum indicates

A

infection

70
Q

Purplish sputum indicates

A

neoplasm (cancer)

71
Q

cause of jugular vein distention

A

increased pressure in the lungs

72
Q

Enlargement of the right ventricle as compensation and begins to fail and causes?

A

Cor Pumonale

73
Q

Special Test used to asses digital clubbing

A

Schamroth’s Sign

74
Q

Increase in anterior:posterior ratio and hyperinflation of the lungs (1:1)

A

Barrel Chest

75
Q

Sternum is displaced anteriorly

A

Pectus Carinatum or Pigeon Chest

76
Q

Sternum is displaced posteriorly

A

Pectus Excavatum or Funnel Chest

77
Q

Mediastinal Shift: Atelectasis

A

Ipsilateral

78
Q

Mediastinal Shift: Pneumonectomy

A

Ipsilateral

79
Q

Mediastinal Shift: Lobectomy

A

Ipsilateral

80
Q

Mediastinal Shift: Edema

A

Contralateral

81
Q

Mediastinal Shift: Hemothorax

A

Contralateral

82
Q

Mediastinal Shift: Abdominal Hernia

A

Contralateral

83
Q

Mediastinal Shift: Pneumothorax

A

Contralateral

84
Q

Hyperresonant Percussion Lungs indicate what condition

A

Emphysema

85
Q

Tactile Fremitus test where in the patient repeats “99” and there is constant vibration from upper to lower lobes indicates?

A

Normal Lungs

86
Q

Tactile Fremitus test where in the patient repeats “99” and there is Increasing vibration from upper to lower lobes indicates?

A

increased Secretion of lungs

87
Q

Tactile Fremitus test where in the patient repeats “99” and there is decreasing from upper to lower lobes indicates?

A

decreased secretion of lungs

88
Q

Adventitious Breath Sounds: Extremely High Pitched wheeze during inspiration - medical emergency

A

Stridor

89
Q

Disease where in there is difficulty in expanding the lungs causing reduction in lung volume.

A

CRPD - Chronic Restrictive Pulmonary Disease

90
Q

What are the 3 Causes of CRPD

A
  1. alteration of lung parenchyma (cystic fibrosis and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis)
  2. alteration of the chest wall - Scoliosis, AS, and burns to the chest wall
  3. Decrease in muscular strength - diaphragm
91
Q

Air in the pleural space, usually through a lacerated visceral pleura from a rib fracture or ruptured bullae

A

Pneumothorax

92
Q

Blood in the pleural space usually from a laceration of the parietal pleura

A

Hemothorax

93
Q

during pleural injury which position is the patient advised to lie down.

A

Ipsilateral side

94
Q

Pain pattern of pneumothorax

A

Upper and Lateral thoracic wall with referral to ipsilateral shoulder, across the chest or over the abdomen

95
Q

Collapsed or airless alveolar unit due to hypoventilation secondary to pain

A

Atelectasis

96
Q

what is the most common cause of atelectasis

A

Post surgical complications (alveolar deflation side-effect of anesthesia)

SD and NSD (7 decks)

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