SD D1 Flashcards
1
Q
Amount of pressure needed to open the pulmonic ventricle?
A
10mmHg
2
Q
Amount of pressure needed to open aortic valve?
A
80mmHg
3
Q
Give the 2 atrioventricular valves.
A
Tricuspid and Mitral Valve
4
Q
This type of value prevents back flow of blood to atria during ventricular systole.
A
AV Valve
5
Q
This type of valve prevents back flow of blood from aorta and pulmonary artery into the ventricles during ventricular diastole
A
Semilunar Valves
6
Q
This is the rhythmic pumping of the heart
A
Cardiac Cycle
7
Q
Normal volume for end-systolic volune
A
50ml
8
Q
Normals end-diastole volume
A
120ml
9
Q
Atrial Kick - First 2/3
A
Passive Ventricular Contractions
10
Q
Arial Kick - last 1/3
A
Atria contracts and pushes blood into ventricles
11
Q
This artery supplies the right atrium, right ventricle, AV node, bundle of His and 60% of the SA Node.
A
Right Coronary Artery
12
Q
This artery supplies the lateral wall of the Left ventricle, inferior wall of the Left ventricle, Left Atrium and 40% of the SA node.
A
Circumflex Artery
13
Q
This specialized conduction tissue is the hearts dominant pacemaker
A
SA node
14
Q
This type of tissue allows rapid transmission of electrical impulses throughout the myocardium.
A
Specialized Conduction Tissue
15
Q
This heart node is located between the SVC and the Right atrium
A
SA node
16
Q
This type of heart node creates a slight delay before electrical impulses are carried. i.e. PR Interval
A
AV node
17
Q
This Specialized conduction tissue is responsible for transmission of impulses to the bundle branches.
A
Bundle of His
18
Q
This type of SCT is located throughout the ventricles
A
Purkinje Fibers
19
Q
This SCT is located at the top of the IV septum
A
Bundle of His
20
Q
Bpm of the Sa node
A
100 BPM
21
Q
BPM of AV node
A
40-60BPM
22
Q
BPM of the Purkinje Fibers
A
20-40BPM
23
Q
This is the blood ejected with each Myocardial Contraction.
A
Stroke Volume
24
Q
Normal Stroke Volume
A
55-100ml/beat
25
This is the amount of left in the ventricle at the end of diastole
Preload or LVEDV (Left Ventricular End Diastolic Volume)
26
Ability of the Ventricles to Contract.
Contractility
27
This is the force of the left ventricle must to overcome aortic pressure to open the aortic valve.
Afterload
28
Amount of pressure exerted by Afterload.
80mmHg
29
Normal Cardiac Output.
4-6L/min.
30
Formula of Cardiac output
Heart Rate x Stroke Volume
31
This is a measure of cardiac performance
Cardiac Index
32
Percent of blood empties from the ventricle during systole
Ejection Fraction
33
Normal Ejection Fraction
55%
34
This represents energy cost of the myocardium
MVO2 (myocardial oxygen demand)
35
formula of MVO2
RPP: SBPxHR (Rate of pressure product)
36
This is the pressure during each heart beat cycle
MAP
37
Medullary Oblongata Control releases for cardiac acceleration
Epinephrine and Norepinephrine
38
Medullary Oblongata Control releases for cardiac deceleration
Acetylcholine
39
Location of the Baroreceptors /pressorceptors
Walls of the aortic arch and carotid sinus
40
These structures are excited by the stretch of the blood vessels and is used in controlling HR
Baroreceptors /pressorceptors
41
These receptors are sensitive to changes in O2, CO2 and lactic acid
Chemoreceptors
42
Location of the chemoreceptors of the body
Carotid and Aortic Bodies
43
Referred pain for cardiac conditions usually present on which side
Left Side
44
Angina Scale 0
no angina
45
Angina Scale 1
Light, barely noticeable
46
Angina Scale 4
most painful experience of patient
47
This shows the presence of irregular heart beat
Palpitations
48
SOB with mild exertion and indicates pulmonary congestion
Dyspnea on Exertion - DOE
49
Left ventricle is unable to completely empty itself with blood
Pulmonary Congestion
50
SOB in recumbent position usually at night
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea
51
Inability to breathe in supine position
Orthopnea
52
This position increases the amount of blood returning from the LE to the heart and lungs.
Supine
53
Position of sleep for patients with severe CHF
sleeping in upright chair supporting the head and thorax on pillows
54
Other name of Fainting
Syncope
55
Common side-effect of beta-blockers (anti-hypertensive agent)
fatigue
56
Ssx: Hacking, frothy blood tinged sputum
Pulmonary Edema and Left CHF
57
Large amounts of fluid in the pulmonary tree
Pulmonary Edema
58
Bluish discoloration of the lips and nail beds of fingers and toes
cyanosis
59
Decrease O2 level in arterial blood, discoloration of trunk, head and mucous membrane
Central Cyanosis
60
Normal Oxygenation but problem with blood flow, discoloration of nail beds and lips
Peripheral Cyanosis
61
SSx of CHF and Abn Hemoglobin
Central Cyanosis
62
Ssx of venous obstruction, anxiety and cold environment
Preipheral cyanosis
63
Abn accumulation in the interstitium
Edema
64
Edema 1+ trace
barely perceptible
65
Edema 2+ Mild
0.6cm depression, rebounds < 15 sec
66
Edema 3+ moderate
0.6 - 1.3cm
67
Pain in the LE typically felt while walking
Claudication
68
Ischemia present in the LE resulting in mm cramps, bluish skin discoloration, trophic changes (thin, dry and hairless)
vascular claudication
69
LE pain due to spinal extension, relieved by spinal extension
pseudoclaudication - usually caused by spinal stenosis
70
Abrupt onset of abrupt chest pain
Thromboembolism (dislodged clot and obstructed in a blood vessel, either head or heart)
71
Normal Pulse (PAS)
2+ Normal resting condition, no pathologies
72
Normal HR
60-100bpm
>100 bpm tacky
<60 bpm Brady
73
Normal HR for Athlete
40-60bpm
74
Normal HR for children
60-140bpm
75
Contraindicated to Carotid assessment
infants - due to underdeveloped SCM
76
Normal RR/Eupnea
12-20bpm
77
Normal O2 saturation
95-100% O2
78
Hypoxemia
<90% O2
79
Needs supplementary O2
<88% O2
80
Normal diference in BP between UE
5-10 mmHg
81
Normal diference in BP between LE
10-40mmHg
82
True or False: LE has higher BP than UE
True 10-20% higher
83
Preferred BP taking site in adults
Left Arm
84
Preferred BP taking site in children
Right arm - to avoid false ratings due to Coarcation of the Aorta
85
Contrainidications for taking BP
IV line, Shunt sites
86
Index of Vascular aging
Pulse Pressure
87
Normal Pulse Pressure
40mmHg
88
Formula of PP
SBP-DBP
89
Medications that affect Pulse Pressure
Betablockers
Ca Channel Blocker
Except Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor
90
60-80mmHg PP indicates what condition
Atrial Fibrillation (yellow flag)
91
Wide Increase in PP plus bradycardia indicates
Increased Intracranial Pressure (red flag)
92
Sound heard while deflating the sphygmomanometer around 2-3mmHg per second
Korotkoff Sound
93
Clear faint tapping sound in Korotkoff sounds
Systolic Blood Pressure
94
Disappearnace of Korotkoff sounds
Diastolic Blood Pressure
95
Normal Temperature
36-37.5 degrees Celsius
96
Hypothermia
<35 degrees celsius
97
Hyperthermia
>38 degrees celsius
98
time of lowest temp
morning
99
time of highest temp
Afternoon
100
True or False: aging results in decrease metabolic rate, decreased activity level and decrease in fat
True
101
Unexplained fever in adolescent indicates
drug abuse or endocarditis
102
Post operative fever indicates
infection
103
True or False: NSAIDS or Acetaminophen lowers body temperature
True
104
Bell of stethoscope is used to listen to what type of sounds
Low Pitch - S3 and S4 abn heart sounds
105
Diaphragm of stethoscope is sued what type of sounds
S1 and S2
106
Located at the Left 3rd ICS
Erbs Point
107
Area where heart murmurs are best heard
Erbs Point
108
heart sound - longer, louder and lower pitch
S1
109
heart sound - shorter than S1 but still normal
S2
110
heart sound - Abn rapid filling of the ventricle
S3
111
Heart Sound heard during Ventricle gallop and CHF
S3
112
Hearing S3 is normal among which individuals
third trimester of pregnancy
113
<8g/dL Hemoglobin
No exercise, red Flag
114
Normal WBC
4,500-10,000
115
Normal INR (International Normalized Ratio)
0.9-1.1 g/dL
116
lab measure of how long it takes the blood to form a clot
INR (International Normalized Ratio)
117
2.5 INR
Guard against falls
118
3.0 INR
risk for mearthrosis
119
4.0 INR
Evaluation PT or increase in routine exercise is contraindicated
120
Normal Sodium
135-145 mEq/L
121
Normal Potassium
3.5-5.0 mEq/L
122
Normal Chloride
95-105 mEq/L
123
Normal Calcium
9-11 mg/dL
124
Normal BUN
10-20
125
Normal Creatine
0.5-1.2 mg/dL
126
Normal Glucose
70-110 mg/dL
127
Normal Carbon Dioxide
20-29 mEq/L
128
Normal Magnesium
1.5-2.5 mEq/L
129
Normal Hgb Female
12-16 g/dL
130
Normal Hgb Male
13-18 g/dL
131
Normal HCT female
36-46 %
132
Normal HCT Male
37-49 %
133
ECG Lead 1
connection from AVR to AVL
134
ECG lead 2
connection from AVR to AVF
135
ECG Lead 3
connection from AVL to AVF
136
ECG: AVL is affected
Lateral Wall infarction
137
ECG: V3 is affected
Anterior wall infarction
138
ECG: AVF is affected
Inferior wall infarction
139
ECG: AVR is affected
Superior wall infarction
140
ECG: V1 and V2 affected
Posterior Wall Infarction
141
Lateral Wall infarction affects what artery
Circumflex artery
142
Anterior wall infarction affects what artery
LADA
143
Posterior wall infarction affects what artery
RCA
144
Inferior wall infarction affects what artery
RCA
145
ECG wave: P wave
Atrial Depolarization/contraction
146
ECG wave: QRS
ventricular Depolzarization/contraction
Atrial repolarization/relaxation
147
ECG Wave: T segment
ventricular repolarization/relaxation
148
Begins with P wave and ends with QRS complex
PR Interval
149
Begins with QRS complex and ends with T wave
QT interval
150
Ends with P wave and begins with QRS complex
PR segment
151
Ends with QRS complex and begins with T wave
ST segment
152
Used to determine ST segment elevation/depression
J Point
153
Point where the S wave turns into the ST segment. Reference is site for interpreting ST segment
J point
154
ECG small box time frame
0.04 seconds
155
ECG large box time frame
0.2 seconds
156
True or False: 5 large boxes on ECG is equivalent to 1 second
true
157
How to calculate HR on 6 a second ECG strip
Multiply number of R waves by 10
158
1 irregular pattern of RR distance is called
Occasionally irregular
159
no uniformity at all for RR distance is called
Irregular
160
there is no pattern in RR distance
Irregularly irregular
161
same distance for each RR
regular
