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SD and NSD > SD D1 > Flashcards

SD D1 Flashcards

1
Q

Amount of pressure needed to open the pulmonic ventricle?

A

10mmHg

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2
Q

Amount of pressure needed to open aortic valve?

A

80mmHg

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3
Q

Give the 2 atrioventricular valves.

A

Tricuspid and Mitral Valve

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4
Q

This type of value prevents back flow of blood to atria during ventricular systole.

A

AV Valve

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5
Q

This type of valve prevents back flow of blood from aorta and pulmonary artery into the ventricles during ventricular diastole

A

Semilunar Valves

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6
Q

This is the rhythmic pumping of the heart

A

Cardiac Cycle

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7
Q

Normal volume for end-systolic volune

A

50ml

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8
Q

Normals end-diastole volume

A

120ml

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9
Q

Atrial Kick - First 2/3

A

Passive Ventricular Contractions

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10
Q

Arial Kick - last 1/3

A

Atria contracts and pushes blood into ventricles

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11
Q

This artery supplies the right atrium, right ventricle, AV node, bundle of His and 60% of the SA Node.

A

Right Coronary Artery

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12
Q

This artery supplies the lateral wall of the Left ventricle, inferior wall of the Left ventricle, Left Atrium and 40% of the SA node.

A

Circumflex Artery

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13
Q

This specialized conduction tissue is the hearts dominant pacemaker

A

SA node

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14
Q

This type of tissue allows rapid transmission of electrical impulses throughout the myocardium.

A

Specialized Conduction Tissue

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15
Q

This heart node is located between the SVC and the Right atrium

A

SA node

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16
Q

This type of heart node creates a slight delay before electrical impulses are carried. i.e. PR Interval

A

AV node

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17
Q

This Specialized conduction tissue is responsible for transmission of impulses to the bundle branches.

A

Bundle of His

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18
Q

This type of SCT is located throughout the ventricles

A

Purkinje Fibers

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19
Q

This SCT is located at the top of the IV septum

A

Bundle of His

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20
Q

Bpm of the Sa node

A

100 BPM

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21
Q

BPM of AV node

A

40-60BPM

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22
Q

BPM of the Purkinje Fibers

A

20-40BPM

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23
Q

This is the blood ejected with each Myocardial Contraction.

A

Stroke Volume

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24
Q

Normal Stroke Volume

A

55-100ml/beat

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25
Q

This is the amount of left in the ventricle at the end of diastole

A

Preload or LVEDV (Left Ventricular End Diastolic Volume)

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26
Q

Ability of the Ventricles to Contract.

A

Contractility

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27
Q

This is the force of the left ventricle must to overcome aortic pressure to open the aortic valve.

A

Afterload

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28
Q

Amount of pressure exerted by Afterload.

A

80mmHg

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29
Q

Normal Cardiac Output.

A

4-6L/min.

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30
Q

Formula of Cardiac output

A

Heart Rate x Stroke Volume

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31
Q

This is a measure of cardiac performance

A

Cardiac Index

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32
Q

Percent of blood empties from the ventricle during systole

A

Ejection Fraction

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33
Q

Normal Ejection Fraction

A

55%

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34
Q

This represents energy cost of the myocardium

A

MVO2 (myocardial oxygen demand)

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35
Q

formula of MVO2

A

RPP: SBPxHR (Rate of pressure product)

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36
Q

This is the pressure during each heart beat cycle

A

MAP

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37
Q

Medullary Oblongata Control releases for cardiac acceleration

A

Epinephrine and Norepinephrine

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38
Q

Medullary Oblongata Control releases for cardiac deceleration

A

Acetylcholine

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39
Q

Location of the Baroreceptors /pressorceptors

A

Walls of the aortic arch and carotid sinus

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40
Q

These structures are excited by the stretch of the blood vessels and is used in controlling HR

A

Baroreceptors /pressorceptors

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41
Q

These receptors are sensitive to changes in O2, CO2 and lactic acid

A

Chemoreceptors

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42
Q

Location of the chemoreceptors of the body

A

Carotid and Aortic Bodies

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43
Q

Referred pain for cardiac conditions usually present on which side

A

Left Side

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44
Q

Angina Scale 0

A

no angina

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45
Q

Angina Scale 1

A

Light, barely noticeable

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46
Q

Angina Scale 4

A

most painful experience of patient

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47
Q

This shows the presence of irregular heart beat

A

Palpitations

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48
Q

SOB with mild exertion and indicates pulmonary congestion

A

Dyspnea on Exertion - DOE

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49
Q

Left ventricle is unable to completely empty itself with blood

A

Pulmonary Congestion

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50
Q

SOB in recumbent position usually at night

A

Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea

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51
Q

Inability to breathe in supine position

A

Orthopnea

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52
Q

This position increases the amount of blood returning from the LE to the heart and lungs.

A

Supine

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53
Q

Position of sleep for patients with severe CHF

A

sleeping in upright chair supporting the head and thorax on pillows

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54
Q

Other name of Fainting

A

Syncope

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55
Q

Common side-effect of beta-blockers (anti-hypertensive agent)

A

fatigue

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56
Q

Ssx: Hacking, frothy blood tinged sputum

A

Pulmonary Edema and Left CHF

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57
Q

Large amounts of fluid in the pulmonary tree

A

Pulmonary Edema

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58
Q

Bluish discoloration of the lips and nail beds of fingers and toes

A

cyanosis

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59
Q

Decrease O2 level in arterial blood, discoloration of trunk, head and mucous membrane

A

Central Cyanosis

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60
Q

Normal Oxygenation but problem with blood flow, discoloration of nail beds and lips

A

Peripheral Cyanosis

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61
Q

SSx of CHF and Abn Hemoglobin

A

Central Cyanosis

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62
Q

Ssx of venous obstruction, anxiety and cold environment

A

Preipheral cyanosis

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63
Q

Abn accumulation in the interstitium

A

Edema

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64
Q

Edema 1+ trace

A

barely perceptible

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65
Q

Edema 2+ Mild

A

0.6cm depression, rebounds < 15 sec

66
Q

Edema 3+ moderate

A

0.6 - 1.3cm

67
Q

Pain in the LE typically felt while walking

A

Claudication

68
Q

Ischemia present in the LE resulting in mm cramps, bluish skin discoloration, trophic changes (thin, dry and hairless)

A

vascular claudication

69
Q

LE pain due to spinal extension, relieved by spinal extension

A

pseudoclaudication - usually caused by spinal stenosis

70
Q

Abrupt onset of abrupt chest pain

A

Thromboembolism (dislodged clot and obstructed in a blood vessel, either head or heart)

71
Q

Normal Pulse (PAS)

A

2+ Normal resting condition, no pathologies

72
Q

Normal HR

A

60-100bpm
>100 bpm tacky
<60 bpm Brady

73
Q

Normal HR for Athlete

A

40-60bpm

74
Q

Normal HR for children

A

60-140bpm

75
Q

Contraindicated to Carotid assessment

A

infants - due to underdeveloped SCM

76
Q

Normal RR/Eupnea

A

12-20bpm

77
Q

Normal O2 saturation

A

95-100% O2

78
Q

Hypoxemia

A

<90% O2

79
Q

Needs supplementary O2

A

<88% O2

80
Q

Normal diference in BP between UE

A

5-10 mmHg

81
Q

Normal diference in BP between LE

A

10-40mmHg

82
Q

True or False: LE has higher BP than UE

A

True 10-20% higher

83
Q

Preferred BP taking site in adults

A

Left Arm

84
Q

Preferred BP taking site in children

A

Right arm - to avoid false ratings due to Coarcation of the Aorta

85
Q

Contrainidications for taking BP

A

IV line, Shunt sites

86
Q

Index of Vascular aging

A

Pulse Pressure

87
Q

Normal Pulse Pressure

A

40mmHg

88
Q

Formula of PP

A

SBP-DBP

89
Q

Medications that affect Pulse Pressure

A

Betablockers
Ca Channel Blocker

Except Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor

90
Q

60-80mmHg PP indicates what condition

A

Atrial Fibrillation (yellow flag)

91
Q

Wide Increase in PP plus bradycardia indicates

A

Increased Intracranial Pressure (red flag)

92
Q

Sound heard while deflating the sphygmomanometer around 2-3mmHg per second

A

Korotkoff Sound

93
Q

Clear faint tapping sound in Korotkoff sounds

A

Systolic Blood Pressure

94
Q

Disappearnace of Korotkoff sounds

A

Diastolic Blood Pressure

95
Q

Normal Temperature

A

36-37.5 degrees Celsius

96
Q

Hypothermia

A

<35 degrees celsius

97
Q

Hyperthermia

A

> 38 degrees celsius

98
Q

time of lowest temp

A

morning

99
Q

time of highest temp

A

Afternoon

100
Q

True or False: aging results in decrease metabolic rate, decreased activity level and decrease in fat

A

True

101
Q

Unexplained fever in adolescent indicates

A

drug abuse or endocarditis

102
Q

Post operative fever indicates

A

infection

103
Q

True or False: NSAIDS or Acetaminophen lowers body temperature

A

True

104
Q

Bell of stethoscope is used to listen to what type of sounds

A

Low Pitch - S3 and S4 abn heart sounds

105
Q

Diaphragm of stethoscope is sued what type of sounds

A

S1 and S2

106
Q

Located at the Left 3rd ICS

A

Erbs Point

107
Q

Area where heart murmurs are best heard

A

Erbs Point

108
Q

heart sound - longer, louder and lower pitch

A

S1

109
Q

heart sound - shorter than S1 but still normal

A

S2

110
Q

heart sound - Abn rapid filling of the ventricle

A

S3

111
Q

Heart Sound heard during Ventricle gallop and CHF

A

S3

112
Q

Hearing S3 is normal among which individuals

A

third trimester of pregnancy

113
Q

<8g/dL Hemoglobin

A

No exercise, red Flag

114
Q

Normal WBC

A

4,500-10,000

115
Q

Normal INR (International Normalized Ratio)

A

0.9-1.1 g/dL

116
Q

lab measure of how long it takes the blood to form a clot

A

INR (International Normalized Ratio)

117
Q

2.5 INR

A

Guard against falls

118
Q

3.0 INR

A

risk for mearthrosis

119
Q

4.0 INR

A

Evaluation PT or increase in routine exercise is contraindicated

120
Q

Normal Sodium

A

135-145 mEq/L

121
Q

Normal Potassium

A

3.5-5.0 mEq/L

122
Q

Normal Chloride

A

95-105 mEq/L

123
Q

Normal Calcium

A

9-11 mg/dL

124
Q

Normal BUN

A

10-20

125
Q

Normal Creatine

A

0.5-1.2 mg/dL

126
Q

Normal Glucose

A

70-110 mg/dL

127
Q

Normal Carbon Dioxide

A

20-29 mEq/L

128
Q

Normal Magnesium

A

1.5-2.5 mEq/L

129
Q

Normal Hgb Female

A

12-16 g/dL

130
Q

Normal Hgb Male

A

13-18 g/dL

131
Q

Normal HCT female

A

36-46 %

132
Q

Normal HCT Male

A

37-49 %

133
Q

ECG Lead 1

A

connection from AVR to AVL

134
Q

ECG lead 2

A

connection from AVR to AVF

135
Q

ECG Lead 3

A

connection from AVL to AVF

136
Q

ECG: AVL is affected

A

Lateral Wall infarction

137
Q

ECG: V3 is affected

A

Anterior wall infarction

138
Q

ECG: AVF is affected

A

Inferior wall infarction

139
Q

ECG: AVR is affected

A

Superior wall infarction

140
Q

ECG: V1 and V2 affected

A

Posterior Wall Infarction

141
Q

Lateral Wall infarction affects what artery

A

Circumflex artery

142
Q

Anterior wall infarction affects what artery

A

LADA

143
Q

Posterior wall infarction affects what artery

A

RCA

144
Q

Inferior wall infarction affects what artery

A

RCA

145
Q

ECG wave: P wave

A

Atrial Depolarization/contraction

146
Q

ECG wave: QRS

A

ventricular Depolzarization/contraction

Atrial repolarization/relaxation

147
Q

ECG Wave: T segment

A

ventricular repolarization/relaxation

148
Q

Begins with P wave and ends with QRS complex

A

PR Interval

149
Q

Begins with QRS complex and ends with T wave

A

QT interval

150
Q

Ends with P wave and begins with QRS complex

A

PR segment

151
Q

Ends with QRS complex and begins with T wave

A

ST segment

152
Q

Used to determine ST segment elevation/depression

A

J Point

153
Q

Point where the S wave turns into the ST segment. Reference is site for interpreting ST segment

A

J point

154
Q

ECG small box time frame

A

0.04 seconds

155
Q

ECG large box time frame

A

0.2 seconds

156
Q

True or False: 5 large boxes on ECG is equivalent to 1 second

A

true

157
Q

How to calculate HR on 6 a second ECG strip

A

Multiply number of R waves by 10

158
Q

1 irregular pattern of RR distance is called

A

Occasionally irregular

159
Q

no uniformity at all for RR distance is called

A

Irregular

160
Q

there is no pattern in RR distance

A

Irregularly irregular

161
Q

same distance for each RR

A

regular

SD and NSD (7 decks)

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