Screenings Flashcards
Primary objective of screenings
Detect disease in early stages in order to deter its progression
Secondary objective of screenings
Decrease cost by avoiding interventions required in later stages of disease
5 advantages to screenings
Simple Cost effective Individual versus population Opportunity for health education 1 test or multiple test screening
Disadvantage of screenings
false positive and negatives
Example of 1 test screening
blood pressure screening
Example of multiple test screening
blood
level of priority of a disease as a public health concern
significance
Significance is determined by…
Incidence, prevalence, severity
Incidence means
Acute occurrences
Prevalence means
Chronic occurrences
Severity means
Mortality and morbidity
2 benefits of clinical preventative services
Save years and quality of life
Saves money
2 more benefits of clinical preventative services
Provides quality care
decreases death, disability, and disease
Panel of experts in primary care and prevention
USPSTF
USPSTF reviews the evidence of…
Effectiveness and develops recommendations for clinical preventative services
USPSTF grade A
Recommend service, benefits are substantial, offer or provide service
USPSTF grade B
Moderate to substantial benefits, offer or provide service
USPSTF grade C
Recommends selectively. Moderate certainty, offer to select patients
USPSTF grade D
Discourage use of this service
USPSTF grade I
Inconclusive evidence
Breast cancer screening for women 50-74 years
Biennial
Breast self exams
Not recommended for screening
USPSTF is what gets screening tests
paid for by insurance
Colorectal screening age 50-74 years
Grade A
Colorectal screening age 75+
Grade C
CT colonography
Not paid by medicare
Adults age 55-80 with history of smoking
Grade B
Screening discovered when a person has not smoked for…
15 years
Prostate screening men age 55-69
Grade C
Prostate screening men age 70 and older…
Grade D
Testicular self exam is
no longer recommended
Pancreatic cancer screening for asymptomatic
Grade D
Counseling for CVD
Healthy diet, physical activity, and screening recommendations
Preventative medicine for CVD
Aspirin, statin use, and vitamin supplements