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Older Adults Flashcards

1
Q

Age range of older adults

A

65+

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2
Q

Key to older adults for nurses

A

Help them live longer but fulfilled lives with dignity and independence

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3
Q

Society misconception #1 about older adults

A

Disease is normal and unavoidable

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4
Q

Society misconception #2 about older adults

A

Health promotion is not important for older adults since their lives are almost older

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5
Q

Society misconception #3 about older adults

A

Damage to health resulting from inactivity or poor nutrition is irreversible

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6
Q

Society misconception #4 about older adults

A

Ageist beliefs about older adults

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7
Q

By decreasing risk factors and increasing healthcare, it is possible to…

A

Postpone/delay onset of chronic diseases until an age closer to death

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8
Q

How is it possible to delay disease?

A

Exercise and diet
No smoking
Prevent falls
Preventative care

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9
Q

The decline in health in old age is primarily due to…

A

Unhealthy life choices in earlier years

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10
Q

Why are there so many older adults? (4)

A

Improved standard of living
Improved nutrition
Progress in medical care
Increase in health consciousness

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11
Q

__ men and __ women are 65 years or older

A

23%, 15%

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12
Q

Continued growth represents

A

Aging baby boomers

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13
Q

Minority populations will represent __% by year 2050

A

38%

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14
Q

By 2050, __ people will be 100+ years old

A

1 million, fastest growing population

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15
Q

People use most healthcare dollars in the last __ years of life

A

7

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16
Q

In older adults, screen for… (5)

A

Dementia, hearing, sleep, respiratory disease, vision

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17
Q

Biology and genetics: key is identifying

A

normal age related changes from pathological processes

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18
Q

Common chronic conditions

A

HTN, arthritis, CVD, cancer, DM, asthma, stroke

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19
Q

Loss of cognition is…

A

NOT a normal part of the aging process

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20
Q

Incontinence is…

A

NOT a normal part of the aging process

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21
Q

Incontinence is often caused by __ and __

A

UTIs and rectocele/OBGYN problems

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22
Q

4 outcomes of full assessment of older adults

A

Identify strengths/weaknesses
Develop POC that corrects problems
Maintain health
Increase quality of life

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23
Q

Elder adults assessment is a (4) assessment

A

Function, physical, social, mental

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24
Q

Older adult assessment needs to involve

A

caregivers, family, and look at the environment

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25
4 goals of health assessment for older adults
Minimize hospitalizations Establish diagnosis frequently overlooked Decrease over prescribed medications Maintain health and health practices
26
Key principles of health assessment (6)
``` Individualize Include caregivers Focus on functional ability Multidisciplinary Normal changes Lab values ```
27
Health perception/management key
remember motivation!!
28
Health promotion includes weight, diet, activity, fall prevention, and... (4)
maintaining relationships regular checkups flu shot, pneumonia shot screenings
29
Important screenings
``` Breast cancer Colon cancer Lipid disorders osteoporosis Smoking cessation ```
30
Respiratory health assessment includes smoking cessation, daily exercise...
Immunizations, SOB, can they tolerate fluids?
31
Cardiovascular health assessment includes exercise, static hypertension,
Rest when tired or SOB Wear socks to bed Elastic stockings
32
Use screening tools tailored for seniors because...
Allows for early detection | Predicts service needs
33
Fulmer SPICES overall assessment tool for older adults
``` S- sleep disorders P- problems with eating I- incontinence C- confusion E- evidence of falls S- skin breakdown ```
34
Proper __ prevents cancer, obesity, GI disorders, and provides energy
nutrition
35
Risk factors for poor nutrition
Decreased social support Decreased income Doesn't drive and buys bad food
36
Problems GI
Function slows down | Difficult swallowing
37
Poor nutrition causes...
decreased smell, vision, taste
38
Nutritional screening (5)
Health history, physical exam, labs, diet data, functional status
39
Nutrition interventions (3)
assess contributing factors Educate about nutrition Food assistance programs
40
Commodity (food assistance) program barriers
Embarrassed to apply | Unaware of the programs
41
Commodity programs and nursing homes use a lot of
Institutional foods (unhealthy/processed)
42
Bladder retains more but __ decreases
Capacity
43
Incontinence leads to... (3)
UTI, depression, skin breakdown
44
Elimination pattern management (6)
Kegel exercises, pilates, scheduling, intake management, decreased caffeine, disposable wear
45
Women's colons are __ than males causing increased tendency for __
longer, constipation
46
Reasons for constipation
Decreased motility Sedentary lifestyle Medications
47
Nurse interventions for elimination patterns
``` Teach strategies Exercise Increase fiber Increase fluid Caution against daily laxative use ```
48
Goals for exercise...
decrease falls, arthritis pain, DM, CVD, BP, cholesterol, and depression
49
__ % complain they don't sleep as well as they used to
20-40%
50
Sleep problems cause... (4)
Stress, medications, poor habits, sleep disorders
51
Sleep DOs
Schedule, exercise, ritual, quiet, dark, use the bed
52
Sleep DON'Ts
Nap, late exercise, caffeine late, alcohol late, sleep meds, tobacco
53
Confusion in older adults is often associated with..
physiological problem such as a UTI or pneumonia
54
Goals with dementia
Increased quality of life | Decrease morbidity and cost
55
Managing dementia (4)
keep routine calm and gentle encourage self care reduce sensory overload
56
It's very important to allow older adults to...
Reminisce, and review their life
57
Benign forgetfulness = __ loss in short term memory
modest
58
Modest loss in short term memory (3)
Forgets then remembers Forgets unimportant events Repeats stories
59
3 benign forgetfulness
Uses mental retracings, reminders, notes to compensate
60
Some decrease in abstraction, word fluency,
spacial orientation | inductive reasoning
61
Not normal part of aging include...
confusion, disorientation, inappropriate behaviors, decreased ability to follow directions, decreased concentration
62
Impaired hearing IS normal, but encourage
periodic hearing evaluations and use of hearing aids
63
Teach methods to improve communication (3)
eliminate background noise doin't shout face the patient
64
Visual decrease is normal but encourage
annual eye exam and glaucoma screening
65
Visual changes tips
Use bright, glare free lights | decrease night driving
66
Erikson: Stage VIII
Integrity versus despair
67
Positive end result -- accept past and present, openness to life
serenity, wisdom | acceptance of death
68
Self-perception changes due to role change
Independent children Death of significant others retirement grand parenting
69
Sexual reproduction: recognize sensitivity and approach as...
A normal and healthy aspect of daily life
70
Older adults need intimacy, love as an
integral part of sexuality
71
Depression is not normal and may occur with...
chronic illness, loss of function, and death/losses
72
Suicide is high in the USA, high in men than women, and risk factors are...
social isolation, alcohol and substance, psychosis, bereavement, medical illness
73
__ of older adults fall each year and lead to serious injury
1 in 3
74
Falls often lead to...
nursing home admission
75
Who is at risk for abuse?
women dependent on a caregiver
76
Causes death every year, need to vaccinate
Influenza
77
Increased rate within 1 year of hospitalization. Doesn't matter what for
Pneumonia, vaccinate age 65
78
More than __ of cancers in this age group
half
79
1 in 3 of older adults take...
5 or more prescriptions
80
Ploy pharmacy and __ __ is an increasing problem
substance abuse
81
Alcoholism is...
underestimated, under diagnosed, and they are more vulnerable to effects
82
Challenge to nurses
Correct misconceptions Separate normal from pathological Recognize increased risk for chronic disorders and disabilities
83
Nursing care can determine whether an older adult...
maintains health, recovers, maintains independence, and achieves a peaceful death
84
Nursing interventions should support...
self-care abilities, practices that foster health while aging

Health Promotion (7 decks)

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