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Health Promotion > Older Adults > Flashcards

Older Adults Flashcards

1
Q

Age range of older adults

A

65+

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2
Q

Key to older adults for nurses

A

Help them live longer but fulfilled lives with dignity and independence

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3
Q

Society misconception #1 about older adults

A

Disease is normal and unavoidable

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4
Q

Society misconception #2 about older adults

A

Health promotion is not important for older adults since their lives are almost older

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5
Q

Society misconception #3 about older adults

A

Damage to health resulting from inactivity or poor nutrition is irreversible

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6
Q

Society misconception #4 about older adults

A

Ageist beliefs about older adults

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7
Q

By decreasing risk factors and increasing healthcare, it is possible to…

A

Postpone/delay onset of chronic diseases until an age closer to death

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8
Q

How is it possible to delay disease?

A

Exercise and diet
No smoking
Prevent falls
Preventative care

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9
Q

The decline in health in old age is primarily due to…

A

Unhealthy life choices in earlier years

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10
Q

Why are there so many older adults? (4)

A

Improved standard of living
Improved nutrition
Progress in medical care
Increase in health consciousness

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11
Q

__ men and __ women are 65 years or older

A

23%, 15%

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12
Q

Continued growth represents

A

Aging baby boomers

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13
Q

Minority populations will represent __% by year 2050

A

38%

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14
Q

By 2050, __ people will be 100+ years old

A

1 million, fastest growing population

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15
Q

People use most healthcare dollars in the last __ years of life

A

7

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16
Q

In older adults, screen for… (5)

A

Dementia, hearing, sleep, respiratory disease, vision

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17
Q

Biology and genetics: key is identifying

A

normal age related changes from pathological processes

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18
Q

Common chronic conditions

A

HTN, arthritis, CVD, cancer, DM, asthma, stroke

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19
Q

Loss of cognition is…

A

NOT a normal part of the aging process

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20
Q

Incontinence is…

A

NOT a normal part of the aging process

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21
Q

Incontinence is often caused by __ and __

A

UTIs and rectocele/OBGYN problems

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22
Q

4 outcomes of full assessment of older adults

A

Identify strengths/weaknesses
Develop POC that corrects problems
Maintain health
Increase quality of life

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23
Q

Elder adults assessment is a (4) assessment

A

Function, physical, social, mental

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24
Q

Older adult assessment needs to involve

A

caregivers, family, and look at the environment

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25
Q

4 goals of health assessment for older adults

A

Minimize hospitalizations
Establish diagnosis frequently overlooked
Decrease over prescribed medications
Maintain health and health practices

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26
Q

Key principles of health assessment (6)

A 
Individualize
Include caregivers
Focus on functional ability
Multidisciplinary
Normal changes
Lab values
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27
Q

Health perception/management key

A

remember motivation!!

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28
Q

Health promotion includes weight, diet, activity, fall prevention, and… (4)

A

maintaining relationships
regular checkups
flu shot, pneumonia shot
screenings

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29
Q

Important screenings

A 
Breast cancer
Colon cancer
Lipid disorders
osteoporosis 
Smoking cessation
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30
Q

Respiratory health assessment includes smoking cessation, daily exercise…

A

Immunizations, SOB, can they tolerate fluids?

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31
Q

Cardiovascular health assessment includes exercise, static hypertension,

A

Rest when tired or SOB
Wear socks to bed
Elastic stockings

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32
Q

Use screening tools tailored for seniors because…

A

Allows for early detection

Predicts service needs

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33
Q

Fulmer SPICES overall assessment tool for older adults

A 
S- sleep disorders
P- problems with eating
I- incontinence
C- confusion
E- evidence of falls
S- skin breakdown
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34
Q

Proper __ prevents cancer, obesity, GI disorders, and provides energy

A

nutrition

35
Q

Risk factors for poor nutrition

A

Decreased social support
Decreased income
Doesn’t drive and buys bad food

36
Q

Problems GI

A

Function slows down

Difficult swallowing

37
Q

Poor nutrition causes…

A

decreased smell, vision, taste

38
Q

Nutritional screening (5)

A

Health history, physical exam, labs, diet data, functional status

39
Q

Nutrition interventions (3)

A

assess contributing factors
Educate about nutrition
Food assistance programs

40
Q

Commodity (food assistance) program barriers

A

Embarrassed to apply

Unaware of the programs

41
Q

Commodity programs and nursing homes use a lot of

A

Institutional foods (unhealthy/processed)

42
Q

Bladder retains more but __ decreases

A

Capacity

43
Q

Incontinence leads to… (3)

A

UTI, depression, skin breakdown

44
Q

Elimination pattern management (6)

A

Kegel exercises, pilates, scheduling, intake management, decreased caffeine, disposable wear

45
Q

Women’s colons are __ than males causing increased tendency for __

A

longer, constipation

46
Q

Reasons for constipation

A

Decreased motility
Sedentary lifestyle
Medications

47
Q

Nurse interventions for elimination patterns

A 
Teach strategies
Exercise
Increase fiber
Increase fluid
Caution against daily laxative use
48
Q

Goals for exercise…

A

decrease falls, arthritis pain, DM, CVD, BP, cholesterol, and depression

49
Q

__ % complain they don’t sleep as well as they used to

A

20-40%

50
Q

Sleep problems cause… (4)

A

Stress, medications, poor habits, sleep disorders

51
Q

Sleep DOs

A

Schedule, exercise, ritual, quiet, dark, use the bed

52
Q

Sleep DON’Ts

A

Nap, late exercise, caffeine late, alcohol late, sleep meds, tobacco

53
Q

Confusion in older adults is often associated with..

A

physiological problem such as a UTI or pneumonia

54
Q

Goals with dementia

A

Increased quality of life

Decrease morbidity and cost

55
Q

Managing dementia (4)

A

keep routine
calm and gentle
encourage self care
reduce sensory overload

56
Q

It’s very important to allow older adults to…

A

Reminisce, and review their life

57
Q

Benign forgetfulness = __ loss in short term memory

A

modest

58
Q

Modest loss in short term memory (3)

A

Forgets then remembers
Forgets unimportant events
Repeats stories

59
Q

3 benign forgetfulness

A

Uses mental retracings, reminders, notes to compensate

60
Q

Some decrease in abstraction, word fluency,

A

spacial orientation

inductive reasoning

61
Q

Not normal part of aging include…

A

confusion, disorientation, inappropriate behaviors, decreased ability to follow directions, decreased concentration

62
Q

Impaired hearing IS normal, but encourage

A

periodic hearing evaluations and use of hearing aids

63
Q

Teach methods to improve communication (3)

A

eliminate background noise
doin’t shout
face the patient

64
Q

Visual decrease is normal but encourage

A

annual eye exam and glaucoma screening

65
Q

Visual changes tips

A

Use bright, glare free lights

decrease night driving

66
Q

Erikson: Stage VIII

A

Integrity versus despair

67
Q

Positive end result – accept past and present, openness to life

A

serenity, wisdom

acceptance of death

68
Q

Self-perception changes due to role change

A

Independent children
Death of significant others
retirement
grand parenting

69
Q

Sexual reproduction: recognize sensitivity and approach as…

A

A normal and healthy aspect of daily life

70
Q

Older adults need intimacy, love as an

A

integral part of sexuality

71
Q

Depression is not normal and may occur with…

A

chronic illness, loss of function, and death/losses

72
Q

Suicide is high in the USA, high in men than women, and risk factors are…

A

social isolation, alcohol and substance, psychosis, bereavement, medical illness

73
Q

__ of older adults fall each year and lead to serious injury

A

1 in 3

74
Q

Falls often lead to…

A

nursing home admission

75
Q

Who is at risk for abuse?

A

women dependent on a caregiver

76
Q

Causes death every year, need to vaccinate

A

Influenza

77
Q

Increased rate within 1 year of hospitalization. Doesn’t matter what for

A

Pneumonia, vaccinate age 65

78
Q

More than __ of cancers in this age group

A

half

79
Q

1 in 3 of older adults take…

A

5 or more prescriptions

80
Q

Ploy pharmacy and __ __ is an increasing problem

A

substance abuse

81
Q

Alcoholism is…

A

underestimated, under diagnosed, and they are more vulnerable to effects

82
Q

Challenge to nurses

A

Correct misconceptions
Separate normal from pathological
Recognize increased risk for chronic disorders and disabilities

83
Q

Nursing care can determine whether an older adult…

A

maintains health, recovers, maintains independence, and achieves a peaceful death

84
Q

Nursing interventions should support…

A

self-care abilities, practices that foster health while aging

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