Infection/Micro Flashcards
Diphtheria transmission
Droplet
Diphtheria can be __ or __
pharyngeal or tonsillar
What is so serious about diphtheria?
It can cause respiratory obstruction
Haemophilus influenzae type B is a
gram negative coccobacillus
Haemophilus influenzae type b (HiB) mode of transmission
Droplet
Most common diseases spread by Haemophilus influenzae type B (HiB)… (5)
Meningitis, epiglotitis, pneumonia, arthritis, cellulitis
__ is usually required for invasive Haemophilus influenzae type B (HiB)
hospitalization
Hepatitis A mode of transmission
fecal-oral
Hepatitis A has abrupt onset of fever, malaise, anorexia, nausea, abdominal cramping and…
dark urine and jaundice
Hepatitis A: Children are generally…
Asymptomatic
Hepatitis B is __ from other types of acute viral hepatitis
Indistinguishable
Hepatitis B mode of transmission
Contact with blood or bloody fluids of an infected person
Hepatitis B incubation period
45-160 days, average of 120 days
Symptoms of Hepatitis B
Malaise, fever, headache, myalgia
Hepatitis B: At least __ of infections are asymptomatic
50%
Development of hepatic failure and encephalopathy within two weeks of jaundice onset
Fulminant hepatitis
Other Hepatitis B complications (4)
Hospitalization, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, death
HPV: Gardasil protects against what strains?
6, 11, 16, 18
Rubella mode of transmission
contact and droplet
Rubella rash begins on..
the face and then spreads
Rubella rash lasts
about 3 days
Rubella complications
Congenital rubella syndrome
Mumps mode of transmission
direct and droplet
Mumps incubation period
12-25 days
Mumps: Parotitis in
9-94%
4 complications of mumps
Orchitis, pancreatitis, unilateral deafness, death
Pertussis aka
whopping cough
Most common complication of pertussis
secondary bacterial pneumonia
Meningococcal meningitis symptoms
fever, headache, stiff neck
Meningococcal disease fatality rate
10-15% even with antibiotics
Mumps is an…
acute viral illness
Rubella used to be called the
three day measles
Tetanus is an acute and often
fatal disease
What strains cause high grade changes
16, 18
Influenza type A
Moderate to severe illness
Influenza type A infects…
All age groups, including animals
Influenza type B is often a…
Milder disease that affects primarily children
Influenza type C is…
Rarely reported in humans
Influenza mode of transmission
droplet
Influenza incubation period
1-4 days, typically 2 days
Symptoms of influenza
Fever, myalgia, sore throat, nonproductive cough, and headache
8 complications from the flu
Pneumonia, Reye syndrome, myocarditis, asthma, encephalitis, myositis, organ failure, death
How many flu cases are reported annually?
36K
Measles is an
acute, viral disease
Measles mode of transmission
airborne and droplet
Incubation period for measles
10-12 days
Main symptoms of measles
High fever and oral rash
6 complications of measles
Diarrhea, otitis media, pneumonia, encephalitis, seizures, death
Meningococcal disease is a
sever acute bacterial infection
Most common representation of invasive meningococcal disease
Meningococcal meningitis
Pertussis can also cause… (3)
Apnea, bradycardia, respiratory failure
Pneumococcal disease mode of transmission
Droplet
Pneumococcal disease is an acute
bacterial infection
Major complication of pneumococcal disease (3)
Pneumonia, bacteremia, and meningitis
Poliomyelitis is a
viral infection
Poliomyelitis mode of transmission
fecal oral
Poliomyelitis complication
paralysis
Rotavirus mode of transmission
fecal oral
4 rotavirus complications
Severe diarrhea, intussusception, dehydration, electrolyte imbalance
Rotavirus GI symptoms will resolve in
3-7 days
Rubella is a
viral disease
