Screening for Cancer Lecture Powerpoint Flashcards

1
Q

Why not screen everyone for cancers? (3)

A
  • Cost
  • risk factors (radiation exposure
  • false positives
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2
Q

Length time bias

A

Refers to how the probability of detecting a cancer is proportional to the growth rate of the cancer meaning that detecting a tumor often means its in the later stages

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3
Q

Important trends regarding lung cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer, and colorectal cancer

A

They have all declined due to improved screening measures (lung and not overdiagnosing prostate) and behavioral change (smoking)

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4
Q

Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) indicates colonoscopy as early as age…

A

…10

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5
Q

Asbestos and smoking have a ___ effect on increasing risk of lung cancer

A

synergistic

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6
Q

Cancer screening guidelines ACS and USPSTF lung cancer

A

Both low dose chest CT for those 55-80 with a >30 pack year history who are still smoking or have quit within the past 15 years

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7
Q

2 absolute risk factors for breast cancer development

A
  • Age

- sex

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8
Q

Cancer screening guidelines ACS and USPSTF breast cancer

A

-40-49 optional to begin yearly screening, ACS wants 45-54 yearly then every 2 years if expected to live >10 years, USPSTF says 50-74 every 2 years and recommends against the breast self exam

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9
Q

Cancer screening guidelines ACS and USPSTF colorectal cancer

A

-begin at age 50 to 75 colonoscopy every 10 years, 776-85 varies on decision, >85 not recommended, can do flex endoscopy or CT colonography every 5 years, can also do fecal occult blood testing

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10
Q

No specific screening for uterine or ovarian cancers exist. Instead, educate patient on reporting any of these 3 symptoms

A
  • unusual vaginal bleeding or discharge
  • bleeding after intercourse
  • persistent abdominal discomfort or bloating
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11
Q

Cancer screening guidelines ACS and USPSTF cervical cancer

A

->21-29 cytology pap smear every 3 years, 30 to 65 cytology + hpv co test every 5 or cytology every 3, greater than 65 can stop with 3 consecutive neg cytolog tests within past 10 years (same for both)

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12
Q

Cancer screening guideliens ACS and USPSTF prostate cancer

A

ACS says men >50 should have PSA for trending purposes (<4 further eval) while USPSTF is against all together

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13
Q

Biggest risk factor for testicular cancer and prognosis

A

Cryptorchidism, high survival rate if caught early

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14
Q

Cancer screening guidelines ACS and USPSTF testicular cancer

A

-ACS recommends part of periodic cancer related checkup, USPSTF recommends against

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15
Q

Cancer screening guidelines ACS and USPSTF skin cancer

A

-no guidelines ACS but regular skin checks, USPSTF has none

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16
Q

Immunocompromised patients or with autoimmune disorders are recommended to get yearly skin checks because they are at risk for….

A

melanoma