Screening for Cancer Lecture Powerpoint Flashcards
Why not screen everyone for cancers? (3)
- Cost
- risk factors (radiation exposure
- false positives
Length time bias
Refers to how the probability of detecting a cancer is proportional to the growth rate of the cancer meaning that detecting a tumor often means its in the later stages
Important trends regarding lung cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer, and colorectal cancer
They have all declined due to improved screening measures (lung and not overdiagnosing prostate) and behavioral change (smoking)
Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) indicates colonoscopy as early as age…
…10
Asbestos and smoking have a ___ effect on increasing risk of lung cancer
synergistic
Cancer screening guidelines ACS and USPSTF lung cancer
Both low dose chest CT for those 55-80 with a >30 pack year history who are still smoking or have quit within the past 15 years
2 absolute risk factors for breast cancer development
- Age
- sex
Cancer screening guidelines ACS and USPSTF breast cancer
-40-49 optional to begin yearly screening, ACS wants 45-54 yearly then every 2 years if expected to live >10 years, USPSTF says 50-74 every 2 years and recommends against the breast self exam
Cancer screening guidelines ACS and USPSTF colorectal cancer
-begin at age 50 to 75 colonoscopy every 10 years, 776-85 varies on decision, >85 not recommended, can do flex endoscopy or CT colonography every 5 years, can also do fecal occult blood testing
No specific screening for uterine or ovarian cancers exist. Instead, educate patient on reporting any of these 3 symptoms
- unusual vaginal bleeding or discharge
- bleeding after intercourse
- persistent abdominal discomfort or bloating
Cancer screening guidelines ACS and USPSTF cervical cancer
->21-29 cytology pap smear every 3 years, 30 to 65 cytology + hpv co test every 5 or cytology every 3, greater than 65 can stop with 3 consecutive neg cytolog tests within past 10 years (same for both)
Cancer screening guideliens ACS and USPSTF prostate cancer
ACS says men >50 should have PSA for trending purposes (<4 further eval) while USPSTF is against all together
Biggest risk factor for testicular cancer and prognosis
Cryptorchidism, high survival rate if caught early
Cancer screening guidelines ACS and USPSTF testicular cancer
-ACS recommends part of periodic cancer related checkup, USPSTF recommends against
Cancer screening guidelines ACS and USPSTF skin cancer
-no guidelines ACS but regular skin checks, USPSTF has none