Lung Cancer Lecture Powerpoint Flashcards
Lung cancer within the lobe of the lung presents as ___, lung cancer on the center of the chest or bronchus presents as ____
pain, cough
What is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in men? Women? What cancer most often kills men and women?
Prostate, breast, lung and bronchus
Non smokersr who develop lung cancer tend to have genetic alterations encoding….
…epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)
Lung cancer screening guidelines USPSTF
-Low cost CT for those 55-77 with no symptoms of lung cancer, have 30 pack year smoking history, and if have quit within 15 years
If a lung tumor is >__cm, than the 5 year survival rate drops off significantly
2
-Non small cell carcinoma lung cancers tend to metastasize to these 2 structures, small cell carcinoma lung cancers tend to go to this structure
- adrenal glands
- mediastinum
- brain
Bronchogenic carcinoma
Proliferatory neoplasm arising from primary respiratory epithelium, with 95% being described as either small cell or non small cell
Pancoast tumor
Any cancer of the lung that is in the upper lobe and causes horner syndrome and weakness in the hands and shoulder
Primary cause of small cell lung cancer
-smoking
Lung cancer risk factors (4) What dietary element helps prevent it?
- previous history
- smoking
- family history
- asbestos
- dietary vit A
Why does lung cancer cause excessive mucus production?
Death of the ciliated columnar cell that act potentiate the mucociliary escalator can no longer function so goblet cells must hypersecrete to compensate and protect the integrity of the lungs against pathogens
Carcinoid tumor secretion and what does it cause?
Excess serotonin (nausea, shivering, diarrhea)
Some common presentations of lung cancer (7)
- cough
- vena cava syndrome
- hemoptysis
- chest pain
- dyspnea
- hoarseness
- pneumonia
Superior vena cava syndrome treatment (2)
-prednisone and high dose radiation
Small cell carcinoma neoplastic presentations (5)
- hypercalcemia
- SIADH
- hypoglycemia
- acanthosis nigricans
- erythema multiforme
Eaton Lambert syndrome
Rare autoimmune disorder characterized by impaired Ach release resulting in proximal muscle weakness, decreased DTR’s, and over 50% are associated with thoracic neoplasms seen in small cell lung cancer
Benign (noncancerous) causes of solitary pulmonary nodules (3)
- granulomas
- rheumatoid or sarcoidosis
- aspiration
Doubling time of lung cancer tumor on CXR
in 20-400 days it will grow rapidly, if benign it will slowly grow if at all, inflammatory will very rapidly (within days, but will resolve)
Biopsy of lung cancer techniques (3)
- bronchoscopy in some cases
- Transthoracic needle biopsy #1 choice
- sputum cytology
Stage I and II lung cancers can be treated with ___, but stage III and IV require _____
surgery, chemo and radiation
