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CADC Exam > Screening, Assessment & Engagement > Flashcards

Screening, Assessment & Engagement Flashcards

1
Q

Drug use

A

Using a drug in a socially acceptable or ritualistic manner (having wine with dinner or taking a prescription from your doctor)

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2
Q

Drug misuse

A

Inappropriate use of a drug resulting in physical, cognitive, emotional, or social impairment (drinking alcohol while taking medications, saving unfinished prescriptions)

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3
Q

Dopamine

A

Body movement, pleasure, reward

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4
Q

Serotonin

A

Emotion, mood, sleep, temperature regulation

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5
Q

Acetylcholine

A

Muscle movement

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6
Q

Norepinephrine

A

Arousal, moods, memory formation

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7
Q

GABA (gamma aminobutyric acid)

A

Motor behavior (deficits may result in convulsions)

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8
Q

Glycine

A

Spinal reflexes, motor behavior

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9
Q

Enkephalins and Endorphins

A

Pain reduction, pleasure

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10
Q

_____ depresses the function of the medulla (lowest part of the brain) and can cause death

A

Opiates and barbiturates

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11
Q

_____ decreases the normal activity of the ascending reticular activating system (ARAS, controls sleeping and waking).

A

Alcohol and other depressants

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12
Q

_____ increases the normal activity of the ascending reticular activating system (ARAS, controls sleeping and waking).

A

Amphetamines

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13
Q

_____ can result from both stimulation and depression of the ascending reticular activating system (ARAS, controls sleeping and waking).

A

Hallucinations

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14
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Maintains homeostasis (balance), controls heart rate, blood pressure, hunger, and sexual behavior; psychoactive drugs affect this site

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15
Q

Cerebellum

A

Coordinates voluntary movements, involved in motor learning, attention, and processing language/movement; Psychoactive drugs acting on the cerebellum causes loss of muscle coordination and balance

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16
Q

Physical dependency

A

When a person has physical distress upon discontinuing drug use

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17
Q

Users are not concerned with health effects and do not generally have feelings of euphoria with drug use but continue to use drugs to _____

A

Feel normal or to prevent withdrawal symptoms

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18
Q

The time span from first drug use to dependency may be 5-10 years depending on _____

A

The individual’s psychological make-up, the amount of drug being used, and the drug’s properties

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19
Q

Stages of substance abuse: Experimentation

A

Occasional use, substances may be provided by friends in a social setting or taken in response to stressful situations (loss of job, divorce); The person may continue using, stop using, or progress to the next stage

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20
Q

Stages of substance abuse: Regular use

A

A regular pattern of use forms (every weekend, every day, in response to specific stressors)

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21
Q

Stages of substance abuse: Problem use

A

The person begins to have problems as a result of substance use (loss of job, social exclusion, physical impairments, depression, motor vehicle accidents, failing grades)

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22
Q

Stages of substance abuse: Dependence

A

The person continues chronic use despite problems and risks, builds up a tolerance, requires more substance to reach the same state, has withdrawals if they try to decrease use

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23
Q

Stages of substance abuse: Addiction

A

The person feels a physical and psychological need for the substance despite problems its causing, they have cravings, participate in addictive behavior such as lying and stealing

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24
Q

Stages of Alcohol Intoxication: Subclinical

A

BAC of 0.01 to 0.05, generally shows no impairment

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25
Q

Stages of Alcohol Intoxication: Euphoria

A

BAC of 0.03 to 0.12, shows signs of drinking such as talkative and decreased inhibitions, may have difficulty walking or short term memory impairment

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26
Q

Stages of Alcohol Intoxication: Excitement

A

BAC of 0.09 to 0.25, shows obvious signs of intoxication with impaired memory and judgement, difficulty maintaining balance, impaired vision, sleepiness

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27
Q

Stages of Alcohol Intoxication: Confusion

A

BAC of 0.18 to 0.30, confused, unstable, blackouts

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28
Q

Stages of Alcohol Intoxication: Stupor

A

BAC of 0.25 to 0.4, needs emergent care, unable to stand or walk, may have vomited or urinated; High risk for aspiration

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29
Q

Stages of Alcohol Intoxication: Coma

A

BAC of 0.35 to 0.45, may be hypothermic with impaired circulation and respirations; at great risk for death

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30
Q

Stages of Alcohol Intoxication: Death

A

BAC of 0.45 or greater, the person has respiratory failure

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31
Q

Stages of Alcohol Withdrawal: Beginning

A

Usually within 8 hours of no longer drinking; tremors, stomach cramping, anorexia, weakness, nausea, vomiting, sweating, irritability, mood swings, depression (similar to a severe hangover)

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32
Q

Stages of Alcohol Withdrawal: Withdrawal

A

Usually within 24 hours of no longer drinking; In addition to stage 1 symptoms, increased anxiety and mood swings, increased blood pressure and heart rate, incontinence, muscle rigidity, clenching of teeth, bite the tongue

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33
Q

Stages of Alcohol Withdrawal: Severe withdrawal

A

Up to 1/3 of people in withdrawal will have this stage; Usually between 3-14 days of no longer drinking but may also occur within 12 hours; extremely confused, hallucinations, severe agitation, seizures, delirium tremens, circulatory collapse, death

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34
Q

Misuse/abuse of prescribed medications: Altering dose/administration

A

The person takes a higher dose of medication or taking it in an unintended way (smoke a fentanyl patch or dissolve and inject medications intended for oral use)

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35
Q

Misuse/abuse of prescribed medications: Utilizing drugs for different purposes

A

Drugs intended for one purpose may be used to get high because of opioid properties (dextromethorphan and loperamide)

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36
Q

Misuse/abuse of prescribed medications: Combining drugs to create a new product

A

OTC medications may be mixed with other drugs such as cocaine in order to increase the effect

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37
Q

One drink of alcohol is _____

A

12 ounces of beer, 5 ounces of wine, 1.5 ounces of liquor

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38
Q

In most states, the legal BAC is ____

A

0.08

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39
Q

Two factors separate alcohol use from abuse

A

Tolerance, loss of control (inability to predict when intake will stop at any time)

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40
Q

The most widely abused drug and the most accepted

A

Alcohol

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41
Q

What affects the rate of absorption of alcohol?

A

Concentration of alcohol in drink, rate of consumption, amount of food in the stomach, emotional state of drinker

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42
Q

_____ occurs when the blood alcohol concentration increases faster than the body can remove the alcohol from the system

A

Intoxication

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43
Q

A condition known as sludge

A

Is when alcohol kills red blood cells and can block circulation to the heart which may cause damage

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44
Q

Ingestion of _____ causes an increase in insulin release which depletes the blood sugar and may cause hypoglycemia. As a result of low blood sugar, the body increases production of _____, which can lead to high blood sugar or hyperglycemia.

A

Alcohol; glycogen

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45
Q

After _____, motor function impairment occurs and reaction time is slowed. After _____, vision and hearing are affected. After _____, mental confusion occurs, mobility is affected. The ability to tolerate alcohol at this stage is an indicator of alcoholism as this stage is not usually passed unless alcohol is consumed very quickly. After _____ ingested quickly, loss of consciousness occurs and death by respiratory failure is possible.

A

3 drinks; 5 drinks; 8 drinks; 15 drinks

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46
Q

Hangovers result from

A

Accumulation of acetaldehyde in the body, dehydration, poisoning, and depletion of important enzymes

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47
Q

_____ are drugs that can induce drowsiness and a state similar to normal sleep.

A

Sedative-hypnotic drugs

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48
Q

The three types of barbiturates: _____ are used as surgical anesthetics with rapid onset and short duration, rarely abused; _____ used as anxiolytics and are used to aid in sleep, with an onset effect of 15-40 minutes and effects lasting up to 6 hours, very frequently abused; and _____ used as sedatives, hypnotics, and anticonvulsants with an onset of up to one hour and effects lasting up to 16 hours. These are less likely to be abused because of their slow onset.

A

Ultra short-acting barbiturates; Short-intermediate acting barbiturates; Long-acting barbiturates

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49
Q

Barbiturates are _____ and the physical effects include _____

A

Anxiolytic; relaxation, increase in reaction time, loss of coordination.

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50
Q

Withdrawal symptoms from barbiturates

A

Includes anxiety, tremors, insomnia, nausea, convulsions, nightmares; can be life threatening. Barbiturates should not be stopped suddenly and should gradually decrease usage under doctor supervision. Those who abuse barbiturates have a high chance of overdose.

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51
Q

_____ are well known drugs to treat anxiety.

A

Minor tranquilizers/benzodiazepines

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52
Q

Minor tranquilizers/benzodiazepines can produce fatal results when used with _____

A

Alcohol

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53
Q

Drugs classed as narcotics are sometimes referred to as _____

A

Opiates, which are manufactures from the opium poppy or designed to mimic effects of morphine

54
Q

Three classifications of narcotics: _____ (opium, morphine, codeine); _____ (heroin, hydromorphone); _____ completely in the lab (meperidine, methadone, propoxyphene)

A

Natural; semi synthetic; synthesized

55
Q

Narcotics are clinically used to treat _____. Narcotics depress the CNS and cause _____. They do not cause loss of motor coordination, as other drugs do.

A

pain, affect sleep, diarrhea, relieve coughs; euphoria and drowsiness

56
Q

With continued use, _____ is taken solely to ward off withdrawal symptoms which appear within 8-12 hours of the last dose

A

Heroin

57
Q

A person on narcotics generally exhibits _____

A

A decrease in activity level and drowsiness

58
Q

_____ has little difference between a euphoric dose and a dose that causes death. They can also cause neurological damage.

A

AMF/fentanyl

59
Q

3 categories of inhalants: _____ found in cleaning products, nail polish remover, plastic cement, gasoline, and are easily obtained; _____ found in hair spray, deodorant spray, refrigerators, and air conditioners; _____ of abuse are chloroform, ether, halothane, and nitrous oxide which can only be obtained at medical supply stores.

A

Solvents; aerosol sprays; anesthetics

60
Q

Recovery from the effects of _____ usually lasts 15 minutes to 1 hour but there is a risk of death from cardiac or respiratory arrest. Long term users may have weight loss, bone marrow damage, visual deficits, memory deficits, paralysis, and cognitive difficulties

A

Inhalants

61
Q

_____ is classified as both a psychedelic and a depressant and is the second most abused drug in the US behind alcohol

A

Marijuana

62
Q

Smoking marijuana damages the _____ and is a _____. Marijuana has 50% more cancer causing agents than tar and regular cigarettes

A

Respiratory tract; cancer risk

63
Q

When taken _____, the effects of marijuana develop over a period of 2-3 hours. When _____, the effects appear almost immediately and have a shorter duration

A

Orally/ smoked

64
Q

Marijuana can be detected in lab tests for up to _____ after use

A

Six weeks

65
Q

The _____ is the most common type of mushroom used in Northern America. The two main psychoactive chemicals in this mushroom are _____ and _____

A

Psilocybe mushroom; psilocybin; psilocin

66
Q

LSD is short for _____ and can be manufactured using the _____ (a fungus that grows on rye) and _____ (found in morning glory seeds). LDS is also known as acid.

A

Lysergic acid diethylamide; ergot compounds; lysergic acid amide

67
Q

3 related synthetic compounds of amphetamines

A

Amphetamine/Levoamphetamine, dextroamphetamine, methamphetamine

68
Q

Physical withdrawal symptoms from amphetamines

A

Rapid pulse, stomach cramping, anxiety, nausea, tremors, convulsions; may las up to 21 days after last use

69
Q

Individuals taking amphetamines may be _____

A

More talkative and restless, suppressed appetite; injection provides a rush similar to orgasm

70
Q

Individuals taking amphetamines in high doses may be _____

A

Suspiciousness, anxiety, paranoia, delusions, psychosis, auditory hallucinations

71
Q

Physical affects of amphetamines include _____

A

Pupil dilation, increased blood pressure, hand tremors

72
Q

Individuals taking amphetamines in small doses may cause _____

A

Panic attacks, circulatory and cardiac problems, hallucinations, and coma

73
Q

Overdose from amphetamines may lead to _____

A

Death from cerebral vascular accidents or cardiac arrest

74
Q

_____ and _____ contained in nonprescription decongestants are used to make Ice which is a highly addictive, colorless, odorless form of methamphetamine.

A

Ephedrine; pseudoephedrine

75
Q

The acute psychological effects of Ice (methamphetamine) include _____ and negative effects include _____

A

Euphoria, increased alertness, energy, confidence, a sense of well being; panic attacks, aggression, paranoia, and psychosis

76
Q

The acute physical effects of Ice (methamphetamine) include _____

A

Tremors, dizziness, stomach cramps, nausea, difficulty sleeping, heart palpitations

77
Q

Long term effects of Ice (methamphetamine) include _____ include _____

A

Depression, paranoia, anxiety, malnutrition, weight loss, heart problems

78
Q

Ice (methamphetamine) increases the amount of _____ in the brain and damages neurons containing _____ and _____

A

Dopamine; serotonin; dopamine

79
Q

_____ is called the mellow drug of America. It is primarily a _____ and effects (euphoria) start about 60 seconds after using and last about 8 hours. This drug is popular as it enhances sexual pleasure. Continued use results in _____

A

MDA; depressant; tolerance but not dependence

80
Q

MDMA is a combination of _____ and _____. It has depressant and stimulant qualities

A

Amphetamine; mescaline

81
Q

Moderate to high doses of MDA can be toxic because it damages neurons containing ____ and increases brain level of _____. It hinders the body’s temperate control mechanism and can lead to overheating and death

A

Serotonin; norepinephrine

82
Q

DOM is a combination of _____ and _____. It has similar effects to LSD and remains in the body for 12-72 hours depending on the size of the dose

A

Amphetamine; mescaline

83
Q

Caffeinism

A

Chronic caffeine poisoning; symptoms include anxiety, headache, sleep disturbances, irritability, lack of energy, depression, irregular heartbeat, ulcers, pain

84
Q

Cocaine is absorbed through the blood stream by the mucous membrane in ____ and a typical dose lasts ____

A

1 to 3 minutes; 20 to 30 minutes

85
Q

Cocaine taken _____ results in a milder high

A

Orally

86
Q

When injected, cocaine produces a rush lasting _____, which is not experienced when the drug is taken any other way

A

10 minutes

87
Q

Emergency procedure for alcohol

A

Manage airway, perform CPR, maintain body temperature with blankets, reduce noise/light (decrease stimuli), position on side if person has nausea and/or vomiting to prevent aspiration

88
Q

Emergency procedure for cocaine

A

Manage airway, administer oxygen if available, avoid overheating body as temperature may increase, remove any visible cocaine from nose, speak soothingly and calmly, avoid physical restraint if possible

89
Q

Emergency procedure for opioids

A

Manage airway, perform CPR if necessary, provide oxygen if available, inject with naloxone

90
Q

Emergency procedures for acute withdrawal for alcohol

A

Provide a quiet space and emotional support, keep lighting soft and provide adequate fluids and food, observe for any sudden changes or seizures

91
Q

Emergency procedures for acute withdrawal for cocaine

A

Observe client for signs of suicidal ideation, paranoia, or aggression; take safety measures to protect client and others; provide a quiet, calm space; monitor the heart rate

92
Q

Emergency procedures for acute withdrawal for opioids

A

Adequate fluids and electrolytes, OTC drugs (acetaminophen or NSAIDs), antidiarrheal, Clients who are vomiting should be positioned on their side and not be left unattended due to aspiration risk

93
Q

At the abuse stage, drugs are taken not only to get high but also to feel _____ or to _____

A

Normal; be rid of the unwanted feelings of discomfort from withdrawals

94
Q

Delusions are _____

A

Beliefs that are not founded in reality (someone believing they are a fictional figure or God)

95
Q

A hallucination is _____

A

A trick of the senses; A person may see, feel, hear, or smell something that is not really there

96
Q

A brief psychotic disorder is _____

A

Includes at least one of these symptoms that lasts more than one day but less than one month and is not attributed to any other disorder: delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, disorganized behavior

97
Q

Five traits involved in personality disorders _____

A

Neuroticism, extraversion/introversion, openness to experience, agreeableness/antagonism, and conscientiousness

98
Q

Cluster A personality disorders

A

Eccentric type; paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal

99
Q

Cluster B personality disorders

A

Dramatic type; antisocial, borderline, histrionic, and narcissistic

100
Q

Cluster C personality disorders

A

Fearful type; avoidant, dependent, and obsessive compulsive

101
Q

Panic disorder

A

Recurrent brief but intense fear in the form of panic attacks with physiological or psychological symptoms

102
Q

Specific phobia

A

Fear of specific situations or objects

103
Q

Generalized anxiety disorder

A

Chronic physiological and cognitive symptoms of distress, excessive worrying lasting at least 6 months

104
Q

Separation anxiety disorder

A

Excessive anxiety related to being separated from someone the client is attached to

105
Q

Selective mutism

A

Inability to speak in social settings though normally able to speak

106
Q

Social anxiety disorder

A

Anxitey about social situations

107
Q

Agoraphobia

A

Anxiety of being outside of the home or in open places

108
Q

In Bipolar I disorder, the client must have a manic episode that is followed by an episode of _____

A

Major depression or hypomania

109
Q

In Bipolar II disorder, the client has had one or _____ and one or more _____. The client has never had a manic episode

A

Major depressive episodes; hypomanic episodes

110
Q

Hypomania is defined as _____

A

An episode of elevated, demonstrative, or irritable mood

111
Q

Screening _____; Assessment _____

A

Determines if there is a problem; determines the exact nature and severity of the problem and to develop a treatment plan to deal with the problem

112
Q

Principles of motivational interviewing

A

Show empathy for client by reflective listening; expose inconsistencies between the client’s goal and their actions; should not use a confrontational approach; should be flexible in approach and avoid challenging directly; any show of effectiveness or hopefulness by the client should be rewarded by counselor

113
Q

Five strategies of motivational interviewing

A

Asking open ended questions, listening reflectively, summarizing, affirming, eliciting self-motivational statements

114
Q

Four types of self-motivational statements

A

A conscious acknowledgement of the issue, an emotional expression of concern about the problem, a statement of intention to change behavior, an expression of optimism about the possibility of change

115
Q

Methods for handling resistance: simple reflection

A

Repeating the client’s statement in a nonjudgmental way

116
Q

Methods for handling resistance: amplified reflection

A

Repeating the client’s statement in an exaggerated form

117
Q

Methods for handling resistance: double-sided reflection

A

Acknowledging the client’s statement and referring to a statement the client made in the past that contracts themselves now

118
Q

Methods for handling resistance: shifting focus

A

Counselor turns the client’s attention away from a problem area

119
Q

Methods for handling resistance: agreeing with a twist

A

Counselor makes a statement that agrees with the client while also changes the direction of the conversation

120
Q

Methods for handling resistance: reframing

A

Counselor restates the client’s negative comment in a positive way

121
Q

Methods for handling resistance: siding with the negative

A

Counselor agrees with a negative statement made by the client, inducing a change of direction on the part of the client

122
Q

Standardized interview

A

Predetermined questions asked during an interview, no deviation is allowed. No probing is allowed but it does eliminate bias by the counselor leading the client

123
Q

Structured interviews

A

Allows the counselor to explore areas of concern that are brought up during the interview

124
Q

Self-administered tests

A

Filled out by the client without the intervention of the counselor, which is less threatening to the client

125
Q

C.A.G.E.

A

Cutting down, annoyed at criticism, guilty feeling, eye opener; Yes on one question suggests a drinking problem; Yes for two or more questions indicates a drinking problem

126
Q

S.B.I.R.T.

A

Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment; brief intervention may take 5-15 minutes to discuss negative affects of use or for moderate risk planning 4-6 sessions to help client develop motivation to change, coping skills, and problem solving skills; For high risk clients, they should be referred to an drug/alcohol rehabilitation program

127
Q

T.A.P.S.

A

Tobacco, Alcohol, Prescription Medication, and Other Substance Use; TAPS-1 asks four questions about substance use frequency and responses include never, daily/almost daily, weekly, less than monthly, and monthly; TAPS-2 includes questions about frequency and situation of substance use in the past 3 months

128
Q

C.R.A.F.F.T.

A

Recommended for use with clients under the age of 21; Have you ever drove or rode in a CAR while under the influence of substances? Do you use substances to RELAX? Do you ever use substances when ALONE? Do you ever FORGET things you did while using? Do your FAMILY or FRIENDS ever tell you that you should stop using? Have you ever gotten into TROUBLE while using?

129
Q

_____ assesses whether or not the screening and assessment process led to a suitable treatment plan for the patient. _____ examines whether or not the client was accurately assessed and if they benefited from the treatment plan

A

Process evaluation; outcome evaluation

130
Q

_____ are the behavioral, psychological, and physiological symptoms due to use or restriction of a substance

A

Substance intoxication or withdrawal

131
Q

The DSM-5 states that two or more of these symptoms must be met anytime during the past 12 months for a diagnosis of substance use disorder

A

Tolerance, withdrawal, an increase in the amount or using longer than intended, an inability to control usage, a large amount of time and effort devoted to using, giving up important activities to use, the continued use of the drug, cravings, inability to fulfill major roles, physically harmful situations, continued social problems

132
Q

Characteristics of an addictive personality

A

Thrill seeking, impulsive, history of addiction, history of family addiction, lying, stress

CADC Exam (6 decks)

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