Barriers to Therapeutic Relationship Flashcards
_____: The client begins to exhibit feelings toward the counselor that were originally felt toward significant others, such as a spouse. The feelings may be positive (feelings of love, attraction) or negative (feelings of resentment, anger)
Transference; the counselor should explore the feelings with the client to help the person understand his/her reaction
_____: The counselor begins to exhibit feelings toward the client based on an unconscious reaction or response that is related to previous relationships or situations
Countertransference; For example, the client may remind the counselor of an abusive parent and the counselor may develop a dislike and apprehension of the client; Self-awareness is important when dealing with countertransference
Recovery-oriented systems of care (ROSC) approach is recognition _____
That recovery is nonlinear (relapses often occur) and multiple episodes of treatment may be required
Traumatic experiences may be _____
Situational (death of a loved one), developmental (reaching a life stage), intrapsychic (thought processes and feelings), or existential (lack of purpose in life)
High risk groups for suicide
Teenage boys, men over 50 years of age, older people in general, individuals who suffered a recent loss, serious illness, individuals with no support system, individuals in unstable relationships, impulsive individuals, individuals suffering from burnout
The counselor should take the following indications that suicide is a possibility
If the client has a plan, if the client expresses the urge to kill themselves, depression, inability to cope, expressions of hopelessness, past attempts at suicide, talking about suicide as a course of action
Psychotherapeutic strategies include _____
Changing maladaptive behavior patterns, changing maladaptive cognitive processes, resolving harmful emotional states, instilling a sense of identity, developing coping skills
_____ (Sigmund Freud) involves the divisions of the mind. Id (deals with unconscious instincts and basic drives, does not care about consequences, only concerned with desires) Ego (mostly conscious, rational, mediates between the id and super-ego, raises defense mechanisms) Super-ego (conscience an the source of moral behavior, partially conscious, concerns itself with rules of society)
Psychodynamic Theory
7 Defense Mechanisms: Repression
Thoughts that are unacceptable or uncomfortable are forced from the conscious mind into the unconscious mind but these thoughts are still present and continue to affect behavior
7 Defense Mechanisms: Projection
Unacceptable motives and thoughts are pushed away and onto someone else
7 Defense Mechanisms: Displacement
Feelings are redirected at a target that did not cause the original feelings because the original source is seen as threatening while the target is safe
7 Defense Mechanisms: Reaction formation
An unacceptable feeling or desire is replaced with an acceptable one
7 Defense Mechanisms: Regression
An earlier and more immature behavior pattern is repeated, usually occurs in response to stress
7 Defense Mechanisms: Rationalization
An unacceptable act is justified
7 Defense Mechanisms: Intellectualization
An individual understands a situation intellectually but blocks any feelings about the situation
_____ (Carl Rogers) includes the idea that each person is basically good and is capable of living a life of meaning and fulfillment. Each individual is capable of psychological safe-healing in a safe environment. This therapy tries to help the individual heal psychologically and learn to accept him/herself through exploration of self
Client-Centered Therapy
The role of the therapist in Client-Centered Therapy is to
Create a safe environment for the client to change him or herself; must be empathetic and show that he/she understands what the client is going through; the role is not to interpret client’s feelings but reflect back to the client to facilitate the client’s understanding
_____ (Albert Ellis) states that although emotions and thoughts are controlled by separate processes, they are linked. An event does not cause a person’s actions but rather his/her thoughts and feelings about the event that leads to the action. This theory teaches the client how to correct a faulty belief system
Rational-emotive therapy (RET)
_____ (Fritz Perls) states a person is shaped by his/her experiences and functions in a healthy way because of a balanced pattern of experiences with people and the environment. The purpose of this therapy it to create a healthy personality through the blending of experiences
Gestalt therapy
_____ (Eric Berne) states the individual has 3 ego states: the parent, adult, and child. Parent state (values, rules, judgements) Adult state (rational thinking) Child state (feelings and thoughts based on childhood experiences) Refers to interactions between others as transactions, whether it be complementary (matching) or crossed (non-matching)
Transactional analysis
_____ (William Glasser) states that a sense of responsibility leads to psychological health. A healthy person satisfies his or her own needs without harming others. The individual experiences problems when attempting to meet needs conflicts with the sense of right and wrong, which is irresponsible and causes unhappiness. The role of the counselor is to help client make choices that align with accepted morality
Reality therapy
____ (Alfred Adler) holds a positive view of human nature, states that people are goal driven and in control of their own futures. Therapy is aimed at changing flawed motivations
Adlerian therapy
_____ is a field that is only concerned with observable behavior and assumes all people can be conditioned
Behaviorism
_____ (Pavlov) involves a stimulus-response reaction. Unconditioned stimulus is presented and leads to an unconditioned response (food will cause a dog to salivate). A conditioned stimulus, such as ringing a bell, is presented just before the food and the dog salivates because of the food. Eventually, the ringing of the bell will cause the dog to salivate at the ringing. This is a conditioned response
Classical conditioning
The goal of behaviorism is to _____
Train new responses to old stimuli; techniques used include behavior modification, contracting, desensitization, and modeling; the counselor identified what behaviors the client wants to change as well as what is rewarding and punishing to the client
According to behaviorism, _____ differ from normally functioning individuals because they have failed to learn skills needed to cope with life because they have learned faulty behaviors that are not being reinforced or a combination of these reasons
Dysfunctional individuals
3 advantages of behavior therapy
The behaviors to be modified are identified, the treatment methods are specified, the effectiveness of treatment can be assessed; learning principles have a sound scientific basis; behavior therapy is cost effective
4 types of operant conditioning (B.F. Skinner): Positive reinforcement
A behavior is followed by a reward, increasing the chances the behavior is repeated
4 types of operant conditioning (B.F. Skinner): Negative reinforcement
A behavior is followed by the cessation of an adverse consequence, increasing the chances the behavior is repeated
4 types of operant conditioning (B.F. Skinner): Punishment
A behavior is followed by a consequence, increasing the chances the behavior will not be repeated
4 types of operant conditioning (B.F. Skinner): Extinction
The probability of a behavior is weakened by the withdrawal of the positive reinforcement
Steps of systematic desensitization
Client is taught relaxation techniques; a list of anxiety inducing fears is created; client is asked to imagine the least anxiety provoking scenario while practicing relaxation techniques until there is no more fear response; the next scenario is addressed
In _____, the counselor asks the client to imagine situations that create anxiety and helps to increase the anxiety of the client. Facing the anxiety provoking stimulus in a safe setting causes it to lose its power to create anxiety
Implosive therapy
In _____, the therapist exposes the client to the actual fear-provoking stimulus until the fear response wears itself out
Flooding
_____ uses punishment to change behavior. The withdrawal of a positive reinforcer and the use of an aversive stimulus are both used as punishments
Aversion therapy
Critical components of effective treatment: Assessment
First step in treatment, diagnostic methods are used to investigate the causes and severity of addiction
Critical components of effective treatment: Patient-treatment matching
Determining the most appropriate treatment for each individual
Critical components of effective treatment: Comprehensive services
Involves treating the individual as a whole, including marital, legal, or financial issues
Critical components of effective treatment: Relapse prevention
Helps the client to identify triggers and use coping skills to avoid relapse
Critical components of effective treatment: Accountability
A program must be shown to be effective in treating drug addiction and helping the client adjust his or her behavior as needed to prevent relapse
_____ is a treatment approach that affects physiological processes, such as using methadone
Pharmacological therapies
_____ is a treatment approach that alters behavior patterns
Behavioral therapies
The _____ of addiction is a holistic approach. It is all encompassing and assumes that genetic, chemical, psychological, and social factors play a role in addiction. States drug abuse is a learned behavior in some instances
Biopsychosocial model
According to the _____, there are several kinds of social settings that can encourage drug use. Treatment in this model would include removing the user from the situation or people who encourage his/her use
Social causes model
The ____ states that personal needs or personality traits are responsible for drug addiction. Two categories of drug users: those that use drugs to gain positive reinforcement and avoid negative consequences and those that use drugs to escape life’s problems
Clinical Model
The aim of intervention is to
Resolve acute symptoms, provide ongoing treatment, help prevent relapse, and restore the individual to normal functioning
_____ refers to a situation in which the same session is used to treat both the substance abuse problem and mental disorder
Integrated interventions
Stabilizations of _____ may include such treatments as crisis intervention, detoxification, and hospitalization
Acute symptoms
_____ may involve treatment for substance abuse or mental heath issues on an outpatient or inpatient basis
Ongoing treatment
3 stages in the treatment of drug and alcohol use disorder
Medical and physical intervention; psychosocial rehabilitation; aftercare
Goals of counseling for drug and alcohol use disorders
The client must accept that he/she has a problem; the client must accept that he/she must stop the use of substances entirely; the client must accept the responsibility of the effect the substances had on his/her life
