Scramble for Africa Flashcards
What were the main colonial powers, present in Africa?
France and Britain. Portugal, Belgium, Germany (until 1918), Italy, and Spain had some stake
What facilitated and what caused increased European activity in East and West Africa in 1860s/70s?
New technologies (weapons and steamboats) Better medicine (quinine) Access to capital
Search for new resources e.g. ivory, diamonds, gold, rubber
Trading e.g. weapons, alcohol
Why was there an increased European interest in Africa?
Humanitarian concern - anti-slavery movement
Christian mission societies
Exploration (last white spot on map)
Who was Henry Morton Stanley?
A Welsh-American journalist explorer (1841-1904)
Promoted his quest to find David Livingstone. He was the epitome of a Western gentleman.
What was the age of ‘high imperialism’?
Period between 1880 and 1914
When was the Suez Canal opened?
1869
What can be thought of as the trigger for the Scramble for Africa? (Think of Egypt)
Competition between French and British for control over Egypt, competing influence. Control over Egypt would command economic, political and military influence. Anglo-Egyptian war in 1882
Explain European Imperial competition.
Increased nationalism, chauvinism, and competition between the Great Powers
When were the German states unified?
1870
What was the International African Society?
1876- Philanthropic, humanitarian, and scientific society. Essentially a private holding company
What was the Congo Free State?
Taken over in 1878 by Belgium (privately owned by King Leopold II)
What was the Berlin conference 1884/1885?
Bismarck hosted it, was meant to prevent war between the European powers. 14 countries participated, but there was no representation for Africa.
What was ‘effective occupation’?
Military presence, economic investment, treaties with local rulers.
What did the prohibition of the slave trade, effective occupation, and free trade in the Congo basin do to the Scramble for Africa?
Increased the Scramble for Africa
THEORETICAL EXPLANATIONS:
What is the metropolitan approach?
Focus on motivations of each European power (metropole) and their reasons to join the partition of Africa (Hobson, Lenin, Schumpeter, Cain and Hopkins)