Scotland - Social Effects of Union

Question 1

Why did the English want to anglicise the Scottish?

Answer 1

Due to the main Jacobite Opposition, the English wanted to anglicise the Scottish to be able to keep the peace with the Highlands.

Question 2

What was an attempt to anglicise the Scottish?

Answer 2

‘Society in Scotland Propagating Christian Knowledge’

Question 3

What did the Christian Knowledge act entail?

Answer 3

This entailed that the English were to replace the Scots Gaelic language and teach the Scots the language of English. This led to the feeling of Scotland’s identity being pushed away and just feeling like a part of England.

Question 4

What else did the act entail for religion?

Answer 4

This act primarily promoted Presbyterianism and pushed down both Catholic and Episcopalian religions, which represented a huge part of Scotland’s culture, which led to the feeling that Scotland was losing a part of its identity, and as the Jacobites were primarily Catholic, this meant that they would be more annoyed at the English.

Question 5

How was there an increase in Scottish Nationalism?

Answer 5

Due to the great political unrest, united Scots as England were a common enemy.

Question 6

How was there a further increase in Scottish Nationalism?

Answer 6

• The tartan had a huge surge in popularity, which can show Scottish pride. Tartans mainly replaced breeches and many portraits of Scots were painted with Tartans on.
• This increased nationalism because people were proud to be Scottish and not to be English by wearing the tartan/kilt.

Question 7

What acts allowed the Presbyterians to be disappointed?

Answer 7

They were unsettled due to the union due to the Patronage Act and the 1712 Toleration Act.

Question 8

Why were the Presbyterians disappointed with the acts?

Answer 8

• The 1712 Toleration Act allowed Episcopalians the right to worship in public.
• The Patronage Act gave landowners the right to appoint local ministers.
• Both acts went against the settlement that guaranteed rights for Presbyterians in the Union.

Question 9

What act made Presbyterians feel betrayed?

Answer 9

• The Yule Vaccante Act of 1712.
• This recognised Christmas as an official holiday in Scotland.

Question 10

Why did the Yule act make Presbyterians feel betrayed?

Answer 10

• Presbyterians thought Christmas was a pagan (Non-Christian) festival, which they felt went against their religion, leading them to feel betrayed by the Treaty of Union.

Question 11

How did the introduction of the Malt Tax in 1725 cause unrest in Scots?

Answer 11

Scots didn’t want this tax because:
- They couldn’t afford it.
- They felt this prioritised English trade over Scottish, which led to Scots feeling felt out and annoyed.

Question 12

What riots were created due to the Malt Tax of 1725?

Answer 12

• Led to the Shawfield Riots in Glasgow, which destroyed a mansion which was owned by the local MP who had voted for the tax.
• Led to the 1730 Porteous Riots in Edinburgh, where a mob lynched and murdered a captain of the city guard.

Question 13

What did these riots demonstrate towards the English?

Answer 13

• These riots demonstrated couldn’t just use Scotland and that the government in London should manage Scotland more efficiently.

Question 14

What was introduced that showed the expression of Scottish sentiment?

Answer 14

• In 1720 the Caledonian Mercury was created as the first Scottish Newspaper.
• In 1739 Scotland published the ‘Scots Magazine’ which wrote about Scottish history, culture and current affairs.

Question 15

How did both the newspaper and the magazine express Scottish sentiment?

Answer 15

• Both the newspaper and magazines maintained Scottishness and their identity, instead of just becoming a part of England.

Question 16

Why were Government regiments introduced to maintain control in the Highlands?

Answer 16

• This was due to the increasing Jacobite threat that they posed to the English Government.
• This was also due to the 1716 and 1725 Disarming Acts that were put in place which outlawed anyone in the Highlands from carrying any sort of weapon, and this was meant to secure peace within the Highlands.

Question 17

What Government regiments were introduced?

Answer 17

• There were 6 regiments introduced such as the Black Watch to keep and enforce these acts in place.

Question 18

Why was Clan Loyalty disrupted in the Highlands?

Answer 18

• Due to the roads being built in the Highlands, whilst trading they realised talking was actually beneficial with the Lowlanders as the lowlanders were becoming more modernised.
• This led to clan loyalty being disrupted as after the union, they began do dismantle and become more modernised as they found things in common with lowlanders.