Scotland - Economic Effects of Union Flashcards
1
Q
Was there immediate economic prosperity in Scotland?
A
No
2
Q
What did the Union encourage and why?
A
- The union encouraged a rapid growth in smuggling to avoid the increased customs duties, this was because the taxes were 5x higher than the pre-1707 rates.
3
Q
What was the estimated number of smuggled goods coming in?
A
- 62% of all goods coming into Scotland between 1715 and 1717 were smuggled.
4
Q
Where did the smuggling primarily happen?
A
- Most of the smuggling was done on the East Coast of Scotland, due to the justices of the peace primarily being Jacobites.
5
Q
Did Scottish manufacturers struggle?
A
- Yes they did as they struggled to compete with England’s better quality and cheaper goods.
6
Q
What act brought riots in Dumfries and Galloway?
A
- The Salt Tax of 1711
7
Q
Why did the Salt Tax of 1711 bring so much outrage to Scots?
A
- This was because many Scots objected was salt was a necessity in preserving fish in Scotland as that was one of their main trades.
- Salt was also used in flavouring porridge and oatcakes.
- Brewing, paper-making and east-coast fishing were all affected by the tax as well as Forfar shoe-making and Dundee candle-making.
8
Q
Why was the Linen industry hit the worst by the Union?
A
- This was because Scottish linen was of poor quality.
- Due to the introduction of the Soap Act of 1714, only England was allowed to claim back tax on it.
- Although, there were many opportunities for the linen industry to grow due to the huge market for the American colonies and the further exports:
- Scotland did not benefit from this until decades later as the industry lacked investment.
9
Q
What was not paid for 20 years?
A
- The Equivalent.
- The Equivalent was paid for in paper money as well, which many Scots did not trust.
10
Q
How did the Equivalent affect Scottish Industry?
A
- This added to the lack of capital investments in Scottish industries, meaning it fell further behind their English counterparts, which meant there were delays in economic recovery.
11
Q
What did Scotland adapt from England?
A
- Scots adopted English agricultural techniques, such as drilling, sowing and crop rotations, which helped farming improve.
- The disadvantage to this is that they were not widely adopted in Scotland, so there was less of a benefit.
12
Q
What did the Board of Trustees create?
A
- They created a more favourable economic climate (economy), mainly in the fishing while industries such as linen slowly recovered overtime.
13
Q
What were some individual gains from the Union?
A
- Many gained access to colonies, with half being able to have land grants on the Caribbean Island. Many also worked as doctors.
- Many Highland farmers were able to make a fortune selling black cattle to the English.
- Many made a huge profit selling very large amounts of grain to the English in the first 15 years after the union - this was because they were exempt from higher English taxes for this period.
