Scotland Flashcards
What were the 9 key events in Henry’s foreign policy towards Scotland?
Scotland recapture Dunbar - 1486
Three-YearTruce - 1486
James III killed by rebels - 1488
Pro-English nobles become regents 1492
9 year truce 1493
Warbeck arrives in Scotland - 1495
Warbeck rebellion - Sept 1496
Treaty of Ayton - 1497
Treaty of Perpetual Peace - 1502
James IV marries Margaret Tudor - 1503
When did the Scots recapture Dunbar and how did Henry react?
Why?
1486
He turned a blind-eye to it - tried diplomacy instead with the three-year truce
Henry preoccupied with the Yorkist threat and securing the throne
What did the
three-year truce agree on?
1486
- That Berwick would be resolved by commissioners
- A marriage alliance would be explored
How did Henry plan to invade and conquer Scotland?
Through marriage
When + why was James III assassinated?
1488
Some of nobility wanted closer relations with England, while the James III wanted separation.
Why did the death of James III cause problems Henry?
Had to build up relations with the new monarch/regent
Unfortunately, James IV was a minor and his regent was anti-English
What did Henry fail in negotiating with James IV’s regent?
James IV’s betrothal to Margaret Tudor
Who was Henry’s only friend in Scotland during James IV’s regent’s rule?
The Earl of Angus
What happened in 1492 + 1493?
Pro-English nobles that Henry had sheltered successfully overthrew the prev. regents.
Earl of Angus came to power
Year later, 9-year truce signed
What problem transpired for Henry when James IV came of age?
Why?
James IV decided to support Warbeck
Wanted to prove himself by invading England
When did Warbeck come to Scotland + how was he recieved?
1495
Given royal welcome + married to James’ cousin
What did James IV pledge to Warbeck?
- Military support for an invasion in Sept. 1496
- Shelter for 2 years
- Marriage to James’ cousin 1495
Were James IV’s troops successful in their invasion of England?
Explain why.
No - he could only rally a small force of 1,400 men, because he lacked the support of the nobles
ALSO England were now free from other foreign entanglements, so could focus on the Scotish threat
Why did Henry decide to (try to) launch an invasion on Scotland?
What does this emphasise?
Because of James IV’s support for Perkin Warbeck.
Emphsises the importance of national security to Henry
Why was England free of foreign entanglements in 1496?
The Holy League
How much money did Henry VII raise for war against Scotland through:
- Parliament
- Loans
- Parliament - £120,000
- Loans - £50,000
Why, despite his lack of foreign entranglements, did Henry’s plan of waging war on Scotland never transpire?
In raising money through tax to invade Scotland, Henry triggered the Cornish rebellion, therefore having to use some of the men and money raised to put that down.
In 1497 Henry had to use the men and remaining money to put down Warbeck’s rebellion.
No money left for actual invasion
When + why was the Treaty of Ayton signed?
1497
Because Henry had run out of money so could not wage war on Scotland.
Warbeck was no longer a threat, so there was no longer a reason for war
Why was the Treaty of Ayton significant?
It was the first proper peace treaty signed between England and Scotland since 1328 - more than 150 years
How long did the Treaty of Ayton last?
For 7 years, until 1502
What treaty succeeded/extended the Treaty of Ayton, and when?
The Treaty of Perpetual Peace, in 1502
What clause in the Treaty of Perpetual Peace was particularly significant for Henry + why?
Why was this circumstance particularly successful?
The engagement of James IV to Margaret Tudor
Fufilled aims of: National security, alliance, reconition
They actually married in 1503!
Why could it be argued that Henry’s policy towards Scotland was unsuccessful?
Border raids continued
The Auld Alliance continued
James IV expanded his navy (created tensions)
What was a potential impact of Henry VII’s failings in dealing with Scotland?
Henry VIII would have to pick up the pieces
