Scotland

Question 1

What were the 9 key events in Henry’s foreign policy towards Scotland?

Answer 1

Scotland recapture Dunbar - 1486

Three-YearTruce - 1486

James III killed by rebels - 1488

Pro-English nobles become regents 1492

9 year truce 1493

Warbeck arrives in Scotland - 1495

Warbeck rebellion - Sept 1496

Treaty of Ayton - 1497

Treaty of Perpetual Peace - 1502

James IV marries Margaret Tudor - 1503

Question 2

When did the Scots recapture Dunbar and how did Henry react?

Why?

Answer 2

1486

He turned a blind-eye to it - tried diplomacy instead with the three-year truce

Henry preoccupied with the Yorkist threat ​and securing the throne

Question 3

What did the

three-year truce agree on?

Answer 3

1486

1. That Berwick would be resolved by commissioners
2. A marriage alliance would be explored

Question 4

How did Henry plan to invade and conquer Scotland?

Answer 4

Through marriage

Question 5

When + why was James III assassinated?

Answer 5

1488

Some of nobility wanted closer relations with England, while the James III wanted separation.

Question 6

Why did the death of James III cause problems Henry?

Answer 6

Had to build up relations with the new monarch/regent

Unfortunately, James IV was a minor and his regent was anti-English

Question 7

What did Henry fail in negotiating with James IV’s regent?

Answer 7

James IV’s betrothal to Margaret Tudor

Question 8

Who was Henry’s only friend in Scotland during James IV’s regent’s rule?

Answer 8

The Earl of Angus

Question 9

What happened in 1492 + 1493?

Answer 9

Pro-English nobles that Henry had sheltered successfully overthrew the prev. regents.

Earl of Angus came to power

Year later, 9-year truce signed

Question 10

What problem transpired for Henry when James IV came of age?

Why?

Answer 10

James IV decided to support Warbeck

Wanted to prove himself by invading England

Question 11

When did Warbeck come to Scotland + how was he recieved?

Answer 11

1495

Given royal welcome + married to James’ cousin

Question 12

What did James IV pledge to Warbeck?

Answer 12

1. Military support for an invasion in Sept. 1496
2. Shelter for 2 years
3. Marriage to James’ cousin 1495

Question 13

Were James IV’s troops successful in their invasion of England?

Explain why.

Answer 13

No - he could only rally a small force of 1,400 men, because he lacked the support of the nobles

ALSO England were now free from other foreign entanglements, so could focus on the Scotish threat

Question 14

Why did Henry decide to (try to) launch an invasion on Scotland?

What does this emphasise?

Answer 14

Because of James IV’s support for Perkin Warbeck.

Emphsises the importance of national security to Henry

Question 15

Why was England free of foreign entanglements in 1496?

Answer 15

The Holy League

Question 16

How much money did Henry VII raise for war against Scotland through:

1. Parliament
2. Loans

Answer 16

1. Parliament - £120,000
2. Loans - £50,000

Question 17

Why, despite his lack of foreign entranglements, did Henry’s plan of waging war on Scotland never transpire?

Answer 17

In raising money through tax to invade Scotland, Henry triggered the Cornish rebellion, therefore having to use some of the men and money raised to put that down.

In 1497 Henry had to use the men and remaining money to put down Warbeck’s rebellion.

No money left for actual invasion

Question 18

When + why was the Treaty of Ayton signed?

Answer 18

1497

Because Henry had run out of money so could not wage war on Scotland.

Warbeck was no longer a threat, so there was no longer a reason for war

Question 19

Why was the Treaty of Ayton significant?

Answer 19

It was the first proper peace treaty signed between England and Scotland since 1328 - more than 150 years

Question 20

How long did the Treaty of Ayton last?

Answer 20

For 7 years, until 1502

Question 21

What treaty succeeded/extended the Treaty of Ayton, and when?

Answer 21

The Treaty of Perpetual Peace, in 1502

Question 22

What clause in the Treaty of Perpetual Peace was particularly significant for Henry + why?

Why was this circumstance particularly successful?

Answer 22

The engagement of James IV to Margaret Tudor

Fufilled aims of: National security, alliance, reconition

They actually married in 1503!

Question 23

Why could it be argued that Henry’s policy towards Scotland was unsuccessful?

Answer 23

Border raids continued

The Auld Alliance continued

James IV expanded his navy (created tensions)

Question 24

What was a potential impact of Henry VII’s failings in dealing with Scotland?

Answer 24

Henry VIII would have to pick up the pieces