Foreign Trade

Question 1

Income from customs revenue rose from ____ in 1485 to ____ in 1509

Answer 1

Income from customs revenue rose from £33,000 in 1485 to £40,000 in 1509

Question 2

What were Henry’s successes in trading with Burgundy?

Answer 2

• Magnus Intercursus ended embargo in 1496
  
  • Merchants could sells goods wholesale anywhere bar Flanders
  • No tolls/customs
• After Philip shipwrecked in 1506 signed Malus Intercursus
  
  • Trade with Burgundy free
  • No duties on English cloth
  • Not to exclude English cloth from lands
  • Still had to pay Magnus duties

Question 3

What were Henry’s failures in trading with Burgundy?

Answer 3

• Embago 1493-6 due to Margaret’s support for Warbeck
  
  • Trade moved to Calais
• Malus unfair + unpopular
  
  • Prev. state of affairs under Magnus restored by 1507

Question 4

What were Henry’s successes in trading with Spain?

Answer 4

• 1485-6 Navigation Acts limited foreign control of English trade
• 1489 Medina del Campo
  • Ended restrictions
  • Both sides equal rights
  • Fixed low duties

Question 5

What were Henry’s failures in trading with Spain?

Answer 5

• Initially confirmed Spanish exemption on import duties of English goods paid by other foreigners
• Retaliated to Nav. Acts by forbidding export of Spanish goods on foreign ships if Spanish ones available
• Despite Medina del Campo did not allow access to trade in New World as Henry had hoped

Question 6

What were Henry’s successes in trading with the Italian states?

Answer 6

• Retaliated against Venetian duties by imposing heavy duties in return
• Signed treaty with Florence in 1490
• Led to establishment of English staple in Pisa + limited sale of Eng. wool in Venice
• Venice enemy of Florence so dropped duty. Favourable position continued due to preoccupation of Italian Wars.

Question 7

What were Henry’s failures in trading with the Italian states?

Answer 7

• Trade in Med. dominated by Venetians who imposed heavy duties on Malmsey wine going from Levant to England
• This was later rectified, see other card*

Question 8

Outline the importance of trade with the Hanseatic League

Answer 8

• Most important area for trade bar Burgundy
• Group of German ports + cities that controlled most of Baltic trade
• Gained many priviledges from Edward IV in 1471 (e.g. lower taxes) after supplying with ships to regain throne after being deposed by Henry VI in 1470

Question 9

What were Henry’s successes in trading with Hanseatic League?

Answer 9

• Tried to bypass Hanse + gain direct access to Northern trade through treaties with Denmark + Norway in 1489 + 1490

Question 10

What were Henry’s failures in trading with the Hanseatic League?

Answer 10

• Tried to limit priviledges through Nav. Acts by little impact
• Attempted treaty with Riga to bypass (as with Den. + Nor.) in 1499 by collapsed after they joined League
• Forced to restore priviledges had under Edward IV after 1504 due to dynastic concerns
  
  • Feared they would support Edmund de la Pole as they had supported Yorkist Edward IV