SCLOA Concepts

Question 1

SCLOA Principle 1

Answer 1

Human beings are social animals and need to belong

Question 2

SCLOA Principle 2

Answer 2

Culture influences behavior

Question 3

SCLOA Principle 3

Answer 3

Humans have a collective/social self because they are social animals

Question 4

SCLOA Principle 4

Answer 4

People’s views/understanding of the world are resistant to change

Question 5

Participant observation is used because…

Answer 5

psychologists can see the world through the eyes of the participants

Question 6

Pros and cons of overt/covert observation?

Answer 6

Covert: secrecy, confidentiality, membership to the in-group, worse observations, risk
Overt: non-judgemental, longer, more ethical

Question 7

Interviews/focus groups are used because…

Answer 7

psychologists get in-depth detail

Question 8

Attribution

Answer 8

Finding reasons to explain behavior

Question 9

Fundamental Attribution Error

Answer 9

Tendency to overestimate dispositional factors in others while underestimating

Question 10

Self-serving bias

Answer 10

If you do well, it’s dispositional
If you do badly, it’s situational

Question 11

Ethical considerations?

Answer 11

Zimbardo, Haney, and Banks(1971)
Asch(1955)

Question 12

Ethics

Answer 12

protection, consent, right to withdraw, confidentiality, deception, debriefing

Question 13

Social Identity Theory
Cialdini et al. (1976) College sportswear
Tajfel (1970) Kandinsky/Klee

Answer 13

Social categorization, Social identification, Social comparison/positive distinctiveness

Question 14

Social categorization

Answer 14

Dividing people into in-groups and out-groups

Question 15

Social identification

Answer 15

Adopting the identity of our in-group

Question 16

Social comparison/positive distinctiveness

Answer 16

Comparing ourselves to the out-group favorably to save our self-esteem

Question 17

Stereotype(schema)
Aronson and Steele (1995)
Snyder and Swann (1978)

Answer 17

mental representation and a form of social categorization of a group

Question 18

Social Learning Theory
Bandura et. al (1963) Bobo Dolls
Gergely et. al (2002) Light box

Answer 18

Attention, Retention, Motor reproduction, Motivation

Question 19

Attention

Answer 19

pay attention to the significant features of the model’s behaviour

Question 20

Retention

Answer 20

store information about the model”s behaviour in memory

Question 21

reproduction

Answer 21

physically and cognitively reproduce the desired behaviour

Question 22

Motivation

Answer 22

demonstrate the learnt behaviour that has been modelled.

Question 23

Foot In The Door
Dickerson et. al(1992) shorter showers

Answer 23

first asking for a small request, with the hope of persuading them to agree to a larger target request

Question 24

Conformity
Asch (1955) line length
Moscovici and Lage(1976) shades of blue

Answer 24

Changing attitudes, behaviors, or definitions to fit in with a group

Question 25

Low balling
Cialdini et al. (1974) 7am psychology students

Answer 25

Worsening an offer after a person agrees to it

Question 26

Stereotype threat

Answer 26

the risk of confirming negative stereotypes about an individual’s group which can create cognitive load and reduce performance

Question 27

Acculturation

Answer 27

The process by which a person adopts another culture, while still retaining some original cultural practices

Question 28

Assimilation

Answer 28

adopting a new culture and losing the old culture