SCLOA Concepts Flashcards
SCLOA Principle 1
Human beings are social animals and need to belong
SCLOA Principle 2
Culture influences behavior
SCLOA Principle 3
Humans have a collective/social self because they are social animals
SCLOA Principle 4
People’s views/understanding of the world are resistant to change
Participant observation is used because…
psychologists can see the world through the eyes of the participants
Pros and cons of overt/covert observation?
Covert: secrecy, confidentiality, membership to the in-group, worse observations, risk
Overt: non-judgemental, longer, more ethical
Interviews/focus groups are used because…
psychologists get in-depth detail
Attribution
Finding reasons to explain behavior
Fundamental Attribution Error
Tendency to overestimate dispositional factors in others while underestimating
Self-serving bias
If you do well, it’s dispositional
If you do badly, it’s situational
Ethical considerations?
Zimbardo, Haney, and Banks(1971)
Asch(1955)
Ethics
protection, consent, right to withdraw, confidentiality, deception, debriefing
Social Identity Theory
Cialdini et al. (1976) College sportswear
Tajfel (1970) Kandinsky/Klee
Social categorization, Social identification, Social comparison/positive distinctiveness
Social categorization
Dividing people into in-groups and out-groups
Social identification
Adopting the identity of our in-group
Social comparison/positive distinctiveness
Comparing ourselves to the out-group favorably to save our self-esteem
Stereotype(schema)
Aronson and Steele (1995)
Snyder and Swann (1978)
mental representation and a form of social categorization of a group
Social Learning Theory
Bandura et. al (1963) Bobo Dolls
Gergely et. al (2002) Light box
Attention, Retention, Motor reproduction, Motivation
Attention
pay attention to the significant features of the model’s behaviour
Retention
store information about the model”s behaviour in memory
reproduction
physically and cognitively reproduce the desired behaviour
Motivation
demonstrate the learnt behaviour that has been modelled.
Foot In The Door
Dickerson et. al(1992) shorter showers
first asking for a small request, with the hope of persuading them to agree to a larger target request
Conformity
Asch (1955) line length
Moscovici and Lage(1976) shades of blue
Changing attitudes, behaviors, or definitions to fit in with a group
Low balling
Cialdini et al. (1974) 7am psychology students
Worsening an offer after a person agrees to it
Stereotype threat
the risk of confirming negative stereotypes about an individual’s group which can create cognitive load and reduce performance
Acculturation
The process by which a person adopts another culture, while still retaining some original cultural practices
Assimilation
adopting a new culture and losing the old culture
