DevPsych Flashcards
Attachment
A long-lasting, string bond typically relating to the connection between children and their caregivers. Important for survival because it keeps infants close to their mothers which allows them to access safety and comfort.
Deprivation
A lack of contact, affection, and stimuli in the environment necessary for the development of the individual
Gender identity
The gender a person identifies themselves as, a personal conception of oneself as male or female
Gender roles
Behaviors, rights, duties, and obligations of being male or female. It is, therefore, a schema steering an individual towards a socially shrewd construction of gender expression
Identity
An individual’s mental representation of who they are
Trauma
An emotional wounds that damages the psychological well-being of the individual.
Piaget and Inhelder(1956)
3 mountains task
Child viewed a model of 3 mountains then was asked to choose the photo that most closely matched a doll’s perspective
Before 7 years, children chose what they saw. After 7 years old, children understood the doll had a different perspective.
Hazan and Shaver(1987)
Love Test
Asked participants(newspaper readers) MC questions about their parents’s relationship with each other and their child, and about their romantic relationships
Securely attached: more trusting, less likely to be divorced
Insecurely attached: relationships harder, fell in and out of love easier
Characteristics of attachment
Proximity maintenance(closeness), safe haven(comfort and safety), secure base(can explore from), separation distress
Aimsworth(1978)
Secure, insecure avoidant, insecure ambivalent attachment comes from
Secure–explores freely, upset when parent leaves and happy when parent returns
Avoidant–ignores mother, won’t explore, treats stranger like mother
Ambivalent–doesn’t explore, upset when parent leaves, can’t be calmed once parent leaves
Harlow and Harlow(1962)
Rhesus monkeys prefered cloth surrogate mothers with no food to wire surrogate mothers with food
Mahoney et al(2005)
Longitudinal study of urban disadvantaged students
Academics and motivation higher at the end of the school year for children in after school care compared with others
Rutter et al(1998)
Romanian infants raised in Britain were physically completely caught up and mentally impressively(not completely) caught up with British infants after they were 4 yrs kld
Middleton and Wood(1975)
4-year-olds building blocks into a difficult model, mothers there to give encouragement
Piaget(theory)
Little scientists
Schema, disequilibrium, accomodation/assimilation
0-2 sensorimotor, 2-7 preoperational, 7-11 concrete operational, 11-💀 formal operational
Vygotsky(theory)
“Little apprentice”
ZPD, MKO, scaffolding, language
pre-intellectual social speech, egocentric speech, internal speech
Fagot(1985)
Observational study
13-14 months: no difference in sex behavior. adults attended to girls’ assertive behaviors less than to boys’. They attended more to girls’ less intense communication attempts and to boys’ more intense ones
11 months later: sex differences in behavior followed adults’ treatment
Reiner and Gearhart (2004)
Studied 16 participants who had cloacal extrosphy(no penis). 14 of them went under SRS and were raised as girls. 2 of them did not and were raised as boys. The 2 that were raised as boys identified as boys throughout the study. 11 of the 14 participants raised as girls responded to the researchers that they were not girls.
Martin and Fabes
They found that sex-segregation was very strong and moderately stable over time. The researchers also found support for traditional gender stereotypical behaviour, such as girls tending to be supportive and encouraging in their play and preferring to play indoors and near adults and engage in games which needed more verbal interactions. However the boys in the study tended to engage in games which resulted in dominance being established, involved rough-and-tumble play and were outside, away from adults.
