Scientists Flashcards
Introspection: objective self-reflection/inspection of one’s thoughts
– Volunteerism: free will
– Reaction times (RTs)
– Titchner’s structuralism
Wundt
– Functionalism: function of mental activities/behaviour
James
Neurologist interested in hysteria (emotional disturbances without a physical cause)
• Psychological and physical problems can stem from the
unconscious mind
– Dream analysis, slip of the tongue, free association
Freud
credited with introducing America to Gestalt
principles
Wertheime
Koffka
Köhler
studied conditioned reflexes via saliva in dogs – classical conditioning
Pavlov
shifted focus from internal to external explanations for behaviour-
behaviorism
Watson
consequence (+/-) is the
driving force of behaviour – instrumental
(Thorndike’s term) or operant conditioning
Skinner
believed our
behaviours are impacted by our motivations
to survive (low-level) and later by other
higher-level factors (e.g., esteem) – hierarchy
of needs
Malsow
developed client-
centred therapy focused on unconditional
positive regard, genuineness, and empathy
Rogers
credited as the father of cognitive
psychology and coined the term cognitive psychology
Neisser
a linguist who believed the sole focus on
behaviour was short-sighted
Chomsky
first African American in US to receive
a PhD, his work challenged intelligence testing
Summer
identified barriers (e.g., language)
posed to Mexican American children
Sanchez
research on
doll preferences challenged segregated education
Mamie
Clark
first women awarded a
doctoral degree in psychology (1894), focusing on animal behaviour
Washburn
