Chapter 1 Key Terms

Question 1

a trait of an organism has a function for the survival and reproduction of the individual

Answer 1

adaptation

Question 2

professional organization representing psychologists in the United States

Answer 2

American Psychological Association (APA)

Question 3

focus on observing and controlling behaviour

Answer 3

behaviourism

Question 4

study of how biology influences behaviour

Answer 4

biopsychology

Question 5

perspective that asserts that biology, psychology, and social factors interact to determine an individual’s health

Answer 5

biopsychosocial model

Question 6

area of psychology that focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders and other problematic patterns of behaviour

Answer 6

clinical psychology

Question 7

study of cognitions, or thoughts, and their relationship to experiences and actions

Answer 7

cognitive psychology

Question 8

area of psychology that focuses on improving emotional, social, vocational, and other aspects of the lives of psychologically healthy individuals

Answer 8

counselling psychology

Question 9

scientific study of development across a lifespan

Answer 9

developmental psychology

Question 10

long research paper about research that was conducted as a part of the candidate’s doctoral training

Answer 10

dissertation

Question 11

method for acquiring knowledge based on observation, including experimentation, rather than a method based only on forms of logical argument or previous authorities

Answer 11

empirical method

Question 12

area of psychology that applies the science and practice of psychology to issues within and related to the justice system

Answer 12

forensic psychology

Question 13

focused on how mental activities helped an organism adapt to its environment

Answer 13

functionalism

Question 14

process by which someone examines their own conscious experience in an attempt to break it into its component parts

Answer 14

introspection

Question 15

the process by which differences in an organisms characteristics arise leading to better adaptation to their environment

Answer 15

natural selection

Question 16

suffix that denotes “scientific study of”

Answer 16

ology

Question 17

study of patterns of thoughts and behaviours that make each individual unique

Answer 17

personality psychology

Question 18

consistent pattern of thought and behaviour

Answer 18

personality trait

Question 19

doctoral degree conferred in many disciplinary perspectives housed in a traditional college of liberal arts and sciences

Answer 19

PhD (Doctor Of Philosophy)

Question 20

allows programs to broaden their research skills under the supervision of other professionals in the field

Answer 20

postdoctoral training program

Question 21

focus on the role of the unconscious in affecting conscious behaviour

Answer 21

psychoanalytic theory

Question 22

scientific study of the mind and behaviour

Answer 22

psychology

Question 23

doctoral degree that places less emphasis on research-oriented skills and focuses more on application of psychological principles in the clinical context

Answer 23

PsyD (doctor of psychology)

Question 24

area of psychology that focuses on the interactions between mental and emotional factors and physical performance in sports, exercise, and other activities

Answer 24

sport and exercise psychology

Question 25

understanding the conscious experience through introspection

Answer 25

structuralism