scientific study Flashcards
simplest explanation behind something
parsimony
specific instance of behavior
response
definition of a response which is defined by the operation by which its measured
operational definition
characteristics of a response?
simple or complex, genetic or learned, easy to define or not, and defining how its measured
environmental events that effect or are capable of affecting behavior
stimuli
how does a stimulus produce a response?
must be noticeable, relative intensity, duration, etc.
one event depends on another
contingency
event likely to occur if stimulus is present. (expecting red light when yellow is there)
stimulus contingent
likely to occur if response occurs. (getting speeding ticket if exceeding limit)
response contingent
nearness of events in time or space
contiguity
not used a lot, develop questions and studies, but not always correct.
anecdotal evidence
lots of info, but limitations with time, issues with generalizations, cannot answer casual questions
case studies
large number of individuals, less influence non-representative members but does not test hypotheses, little control.
descriptive studies
has a lot of control, answers causal questions, but creates artificial words, lose control when more real.
experimental studies
behavior was tallied by this, every occurrence of the behavior under study was recorded by the movement of an inked pen on a sheet of paper that moved at a steady pace.
electromechanical cumulative order
combiners errors and rate, number of correct responses per minute
fluency
something that is manipulated.
independent variables
allowed to vary freely
dependent variables
typically two or more groups of participants
between subject exp.
participants who are exposed to the experience
experimental group
participants who are not exposed to it
control group
way to reduce pre-treatment differences among groups, participants with identical features are identified.
matched sampling
participants behavior is observed before the experiment and then during and after.
within subject exp.
initial period during which a participants behavior is observed
baseline period
repeating the experiment, switching between A and B, able to demonstrate the extent to which a behavior is influenced by the independent variable.
ABA reversal design
offer the control that allows the researcher to derive clear cut principles
lab experiments
done in natural settings, allow researcher to test lab-derived principles in a realistic way.
field exp.
