Punishment Flashcards
what is punishment?
decreasing behavior by adding or removing something
premack principle talked about this being opportunities to engage in behaviors not receiving or experiencing things.
R-S contingency
greater degree?
the greater degree, more behavior w consequence the faster behavior changes.
faster consequence, faster it will disappear, longer delay, less effective the procedure
R-S Contiguity
abramowitz and o’leary
immediate vs delayed. reprimands for off-task behavior, only immediate suppressed forms of off-task behavior.
may suppress the same amount of behavior but behavior are different from what was intended.
delayed punisher
how well do threats work?
not well, mostly useless.
punisher intensity
mild punishers, little effect.
can begin with mild or strong ones. loud vs soft. gentle vs. aggressive reminder.
the introductory level of punishment
effectiveness of punishment depends on _____
frequent amount and quality of reinforced behavior produce.
deprivation level
the greater level of deprivation, less effective the punishment.
effective procedure characteristics?
regularly follows beh. delivered immediately, sufficient strength from outset. if fast, should occur immediately.
problems?
escape and avoidance. aggression, those who get punished a lot develop anger. apathy. abuse. imitation of punisher. do not learn correct behavior.
alternatives?
response prevention. extinction. differential reinforcement.
decreasing behavior slowly, going from 15 cigars to 10 to 6 to 3 a day.
DRL. Low rate
the child is running, gets no attention, the child is sitting and gets reinforcement. learns to sit.
DRI. Incompatible behavior.
preferring one over the other.
alternative behavior. DRA
response suppression due to disruptive effects of aversive stimuli.
early theory
problems of early theory?
effects of punishment aren’t as transient as thought. punishment has a greater suppressive effect on behavior than non-contingent aversive stimulation.
Involves CC and OC, punishment decreases R because it creates CS, avoidance of CS is reinforcing.
Two process theory.
problem of two process?
theory predicts that punishment would reduce responding in proportion to its proximity to the punished response.
Only OC, explains punishment the best.
one process theory.
