Operant Conditioning Flashcards
relationship between behavior and its consequences
law of effect
it identifies the environment, the behavior that occurs, change in the behavior that follows it, and the change in behavior produced by its consequences.
law of effect
behavior is strengthened or weakened by its consequences because the behavior operates on the environment.
operant learning
increase in strength, of behavior due to its consequence.
reinforcement
what does it take to be reinforcement?
must have a consequence, must increase in strength, the increase must be the result of the consequence.
the consequence of a behavior is the appearance of or an increase in the intensity of a stimulus. money, praise, sex,
positive reinforcement
behavior is strengthened by the removal or a decrease in the intensity of a stimulus.
negative reinforcement (escape learning)
appear to be innately effective, phylogenetically significant events.
primary reinforces
primary reinforcers losing their effectiveness quickly
satiation
not innate, the result of learning experiences. “conditioned reinforces”
secondary reinforcers
reinforcers that have been paired with many different kinds of reinforcers can be used in a wide variety of situations.
generalized reinforcers
events that follow spontaneously from a behavior. “automatic reinforcers”
natural reinforcers
events that are provided by someone for the purpose of modifying behavior.
contrived reinforcers.
anything that changes the effectiveness of a consequence
motivating operation
used to reinforce behavior in a variety of animals, fish, rabbits, dogs, monkeys, humans
ESB. Electrical stimulation of the brain
believed that animals and people behave because of motivational states called drives
hulls drive reduction theory
reinforcers are thought of as behavior, some kinds of behavior have a greater likelihood of occurrence than others.
relative value theory
behavior becomes reinforcing when the individual is prevented from engaging in the behavior at its natural frequency.
response deprivation theory
two kinds of learning experiences are involved in avoidance learning. pavlovian and operant
two process theory
one kind of learning, a process that avoidance involves only one. Operant.
one process theory
