Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment

Question 1

Aristotelian-Ptolemaic Cosmology

Answer 1

The geocentric view of the universe that prevailed from the 4th century B.C. to the 16th and 17th centuries and accorded with church teachings and scriptures.

Question 2

Francis Bacon

Answer 2

Used empirical evidence (tangible) to support ideas

Question 3

Nicolaus Copernicus

Answer 3

Polish astronomer who posited a heliocentric universe in place of a geocentric universe

Question 4

Deism

Answer 4

The belief that God has created the universe and set it in motion to operate like clockwork. God is literally in the wings watching the show go on as humans forge their own destiny

Question 5

Rene Descarte

Answer 5

Deductive thinker whose famous saying cogito, ergo sum (“I think, therefore I am”) challenged the notion for truth as being derived from tradition and Scriptures

Question 6

Enlightenment

Answer 6

The intellectual revolution of the eighteenth century in which the philosophes stressed reason, natural law, and progress in their criticism of prevailing social injustices

Question 7

Galileo

Answer 7

Italian scientist who formulated terrestrial laws and the modern law of Inertia; he also provided evidence for the Copernican hypothesis. He invented the telescope

Question 8

Laissez-faire

Answer 8

Economic concept where the government kept their hands off of the operation of the economy

Question 9

Isaac Newton

Answer 9

English scientist who formulated the law of gravitation that posited a universe operating in accord with natural law

Question 10

Philosophes

Answer 10

Social critics of the 18th century who subjected social institutions and practices to the test of reason

Question 11

Royal Society of London and French Academy of Sciences

Answer 11

Organized bodies for scientific study

Question 12

Tabula rasa

Answer 12

John Locke’s concept of the mind as a blank sheet ultimately bombarded by the sense impressions that, aided by human reasoning, formulate ideas