Religious War and Age of Expansion Flashcards
Gustavus Adolphus
Swedish Lutheran who won victories for the German Protestants in the Thirty Years War and lost his life in one of the battles
Duke of Alva
Military leader sent by Philip II to pacify the Low Countries
Armada
Spanish vessels defeated in the English Channel by an English Fleet, thus preventing Philip II’s invasion of England
Vasco de Balboa
First European to reach the Pacific Ocean
Catherine de Medici
The wife of Henry II of France, who exercised political influence after the death of her husband and during the rule of her weak sons
Christopher Columbus
First European to sail the West Indies
Concordat of Bologna
Treaty under which the French Crown recognized the supremacy of the pope over a council and obtained the right to appoint all French bishops and abbots
Fernando Cortez
Conqueror of the Aztecs
Defenestration of Prague
The hurling, by Protestants, of Catholic officials from a castle window in Prague, setting off the Thirty Years War
Bartholomew Diaz
The first European to reach the southern tip of Africa
Dutch East India Company
Government-chartered joint-stock company that controlled the spice trade in the East Indies
Edict of Nantes
The edict of Henry IV that granted Huguenots the rights of public worship and religious toleration in France
Elizabeth I
Protestant ruler of England who helped stabilize religious tensions by subordination theological issues to political considerations
Price Henry the Navigator
Sponsor of voyages along West African coasts
Henry IV
Formerly Henry of Navarre; ascended the French throne as a convert to Catholicism. Survived St. Bartholomew day, signed edict of Nantes, quoted as saying “Paris is worth a mass”
Huguenots
French Calvinists
Ferdinand Magellan
Circumnavigator of the globe
Peace of Westphalia
The treaty ending the Thirty Years War in Germany; it allowed each price-whether Lutheran, Catholic, or Calvinist- to choose the established creed of his territory
Philip II
Son and successor to Charles V, ruling Spain and the Low Countries
Francisco Pizarro
Conqueror of Peru
St. Bartholomew’s Day
Catholic attack on Calvinists on the marriage day of Margaret of Valois to Henry of Navarre
Price William of Orange
Leader of the 17 provinces of the Netherlands
Cardinal Richeliu
Minister to Louis XIII. His three point plan (1. break the power of the nobility, 2. humble the House of Austria, 3. Control the Protestants) helped to send France on the road to absolute monarchy
