Industrialization

Question 1

Michael Bakunin

Answer 1

Radical Russian, advocated revolutionary violence. He believed that revolutionary movements should be lead by secret societies who would seize power, destroy the state and create a new social order

Question 2

Henry Bessemer

Answer 2

Englishman who developed the Bessemer converter, the first efficient method for the mass production of steel

Question 3

Louis Blanc

Answer 3

Wrote the Organization of Work which proposed the use of competition to eliminate competition. It was the first step toward a future socialist society

Question 4

Classical Liberalism

Answer 4

Middle class doctrine indebted to the writings of the philosophes, the French Revolution, and the popularization of the Scientific Revolution. Its political goals were self government; a written constitution; natural rights; limited suffrage; its economic goals were laissez-faire

Question 5

Dialectical materialism

Answer 5

The idea, according to Karl Marx, that change and development in history results from the conflict between social classes. Economic forces impel human beings to behave in socially determined ways

Question 6

Domestic System

Answer 6

The manufacturing of goods in the household setting, a production system that gave way to the factory system

Question 7

Friedrich Engels

Answer 7

Collaborator with Karl Marx. Engels was a textile factory owner and supplied Marx with the hard data for his economic writings, most notably Das Kapttal

Question 8

Roger Fenton

Answer 8

Battlefield photographer of the Crimean war

Question 9

J.G. Fichte

Answer 9

German writer who believed that the German spirit was nobler and purer than that of other peoples

Question 10

Charles Fourier

Answer 10

A leading Utopian socialist who envisaged small communal societies in which men and women cooperated in agriculture and industry, abolishing private property and monogamous marriage as well

Question 11

Hegelian dialect

Answer 11

The idea, according to G.W.F. Hegel, a German philosopher, that social change results from the conflict of opposite ideas. The thesis is confronted by the antithesis, resulting in a syntheses, which then becomes a new thesis. The process is evolutionary. Marx turned Hegel ‘upside down’ and made class conflict, not ideas, the force driving history forward

Question 12

J.G. Herder

Answer 12

Forerunner of the German Romantic movement who believed that each people shared a national character, or Volksgeist

Question 13

Thomas Malthus

Answer 13

English parson whose Essay on Population argued that population would always increase faster than the food supply

Question 14

Karl Marx

Answer 14

German philosopher and founder of Marxism, the theory that class conflict is the motor force driving historical change and development

Question 15

Robert Owen

Answer 15

Utopian socialists who improved health and safety conditions in mills, increased workers wages and reduced hours. Dreamed of establishing socialist communities the most notable was New Harmon (which failed).

Question 16

David Ricardo

Answer 16

English economist who formulated the “iron law of wages” according to which wages would always remain at the subsistence level for the workers because of population growth

Question 17

William Russell

Answer 17

British journalist who reported the events of the Crimean War first hand for the people at home

Question 18

Herbert Spencer

Answer 18

English philosopher who argued that in the difficult economic struggle for existence, only the “fittest” would survive

Question 19

Flora Tristan

Answer 19

Socialist and feminist who called for working women’s social and political rights