Science Words Flashcards

1
Q

What does synthesized mean?

A

To build compounds from more elementary substances by means of one or more chemical reactions.

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2
Q

What’s another name for redox?

A

Oxidation-reduction

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3
Q

What does redox reaction mean?

A

A type of chemical reaction that involves a transfer of electrons between two sets of atoms, molecules, or ions.

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4
Q

What is an anion?

A

A negatively charged ion.

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5
Q

What is a cation?

A

A positively charged ion.

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6
Q

What is an ionic bond?

A

The electrostatic bond between two ions formed through the transfer of one or more electrons? Example: Na+Cl-

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7
Q

What is oxidation?

A

The loss of electron(s) or the gain of oxygen.

OIL-oxidation is losing electron

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8
Q

What is reduction?

A

The gain of electron(s) or the loss of oxygen.

RIG- Reduction is gaining an electron.

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9
Q

What is oxidative stress?

A

A state that occurs when there is an excess of free radicals in the body’s cells.

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10
Q

What happens when there is oxidative stress?

A

It can damage cells, proteins, and DNA, which can contribute to aging. It may also play a role in development of a range of health conditions, including diabetes, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s.

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11
Q

What helps reduce oxidative stress?

A

Antioxidants counteract free radicals.

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12
Q

What is an enterocyte?

A

A cell of the intestinal lining.

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13
Q

What is esterified?

A

The general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters have a fruity odor.

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14
Q

What is PTH?

A

Parathyroid Hormone

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15
Q

What does visceral mean?

A

The internal organs of the body, specifically those within the chest (heart or lungs) or abdomen (liver, pancreas, intestines).

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16
Q

What does metabolic stress mean?

A

A physiological process that occurs during exercise in response to low energy that leads to metabolite accumulation in muscle cells.

17
Q

ATM

A

A-Antecedents
T-Triggers
M-Mediators

18
Q

What does Antecedents mean?

A

A thing or event that existed before. Preexisting

19
Q

What does triggers mean?

A

Provoke or promote

20
Q

What does mediators mean?

A

Prolong

21
Q

What is a nucleic acid?

A

A complex organic substance present in living cells, especially DNA or RNA, whose molecules consist of many nucleotides linked in a long chain.

22
Q

What is a nucleotide?

A

The basic building block of nucleic acids. Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Guanine (G), and Cytosine (C) in DNA.

In RNA all of them except Thymine is replaced by Uracil.