Science Words Flashcards
What does synthesized mean?
To build compounds from more elementary substances by means of one or more chemical reactions.
What’s another name for redox?
Oxidation-reduction
What does redox reaction mean?
A type of chemical reaction that involves a transfer of electrons between two sets of atoms, molecules, or ions.
What is an anion?
A negatively charged ion.
What is a cation?
A positively charged ion.
What is an ionic bond?
The electrostatic bond between two ions formed through the transfer of one or more electrons? Example: Na+Cl-
What is oxidation?
The loss of electron(s) or the gain of oxygen.
OIL-oxidation is losing electron
What is reduction?
The gain of electron(s) or the loss of oxygen.
RIG- Reduction is gaining an electron.
What is oxidative stress?
A state that occurs when there is an excess of free radicals in the body’s cells.
What happens when there is oxidative stress?
It can damage cells, proteins, and DNA, which can contribute to aging. It may also play a role in development of a range of health conditions, including diabetes, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s.
What helps reduce oxidative stress?
Antioxidants counteract free radicals.
What is an enterocyte?
A cell of the intestinal lining.
What is esterified?
The general name for a chemical reaction in which two reactants (typically an alcohol and an acid) form an ester as the reaction product. Esters have a fruity odor.
What is PTH?
Parathyroid Hormone
What does visceral mean?
The internal organs of the body, specifically those within the chest (heart or lungs) or abdomen (liver, pancreas, intestines).
What does metabolic stress mean?
A physiological process that occurs during exercise in response to low energy that leads to metabolite accumulation in muscle cells.
ATM
A-Antecedents
T-Triggers
M-Mediators
What does Antecedents mean?
A thing or event that existed before. Preexisting
What does triggers mean?
Provoke or promote
What does mediators mean?
Prolong
What is a nucleic acid?
A complex organic substance present in living cells, especially DNA or RNA, whose molecules consist of many nucleotides linked in a long chain.
What is a nucleotide?
The basic building block of nucleic acids. Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Guanine (G), and Cytosine (C) in DNA.
In RNA all of them except Thymine is replaced by Uracil.
