Medical Nutrition Therapy

Question 1

What is the protein needs range for individuals that are unstressed and well nourished?

Answer 1

.8 to 1.0 g/kg body weight per day

Question 2

What is the protein needs range for post-surgical patients?

Answer 2

1.5 to 2.0 g/kg body weight per day

Question 3

What is the protein needs for highly catabolic patients (burns, infection, fever)

Answer 3

over 2.0 g/kg body weight per day

Question 4

What is dysphagia?

Answer 4

Difficulty swallowing foods or liquids.

Question 5

What is Glycosuria?

Answer 5

The excretion of glucose into the urine. Ordinarily, urine contains no glucose because the kidneys are able to reabsorb all of the filtered glucose.

Question 6

What is a fistula?

Answer 6

A fistula is an abnormal connection between two body parts, such as an organ or blood vessel and another structure. Fistulas are usually the result of an injury or surgery. Infection or inflammation can also cause a fistula to form.

Question 7

A suboptimal or deficient supply of nutrients that interferes with an individual’s growth, development, general health, or recovery from illness.

Answer 7

Malnutrition

Question 8

A BMI of less thank 18.5 kg/m2 defines adults as?

Answer 8

Underweight and at risk for malnutrition

Question 9

In acute malnutrition, what falls first for a child?

Answer 9

A child’s weight-for-age percentile on the growth chart falls first, followed by a decline in height growth. In extreme cases, a child’s head circumference growth may also plateau.

Question 10

Poor weight gain and/or weight loss are key to diagnosing what in children?

Answer 10

Malnutrition, failure to thrive, cystic fibrosis.

Question 11

BMI= 25.0-29.9

Answer 11

overweight

Question 12

BMI= 30.0-34.9

Answer 12

class I obesity

Question 13

BMI = 18.5-24.9

Answer 13

Normal

Question 14

BMI > 35.0

Answer 14

Class II/III obesity

Question 15

What is the chance that children, with one overweight parent, become overweight adults?

Answer 15

40%

Question 16

What is the chance that children, with both parents being overweight, become overweight adults?

Answer 16

80%.

Question 17

What is FTO gene?

Answer 17

Fat mass and obesity-associated gene. May be responsible for up to 22% of all cases of obesity. The gene also shows strong association with diabetes.

Question 18

What are the medical risks associated with obesity?

Answer 18

Obesity increases a person’s risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD), dyslipidemia, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, osteoarthritis, gallstones, respiratory disease, cholecystitis, and certain types of cancer.

Question 19

What are the treatment goals for obesity?

Answer 19

Weight reduction: 10 % reduction of body weight lowers risk
Lifestyle changes to manage blood pressure if high.
Increased Physical Activity

Question 20

What risks are associated with Ketogenic Diet?

Answer 20

• CVD, Depending on the choice of protein-containing foods, a high saturated-fat diet may result. High saturated fat intake increases serum LDL-C levels and therefore the risk of CVD disease.
• Risk of developing gout, uric acid, kidney stones, and possibly bone loss.
• Loss of sodium or potassium salts (When ketone bodies build up in excessive amount in the blood (ketonemia), the spill into the urine (ketonuria) and are excreted as sodium or potassium salts.

Question 21

What is critical to do on a high-protein diet?

Answer 21

Drink at least 64 ounces (1920 mL) of water per day and maintain an adequate electrolyte intake.

Question 22

The current ATP Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes Diet advocates what?

Answer 22

Less than 7 % of the total calories coming from saturated fat, less than 200 mg of cholesterol and up to 20 percent of calories from monosaturated fat per day.

Question 23

What is dyslipidemia?

Answer 23

An abnormal amount of lipids (e.g. triglycerides, cholesterol and/or fat phospholipids) in the blood. In developed countries, most dyslipidemias are hyperlipidemias; that is, an elevation of lipids in the blood. This is often due to diet and lifestyle

Question 24

What is Cholecystitis?

Answer 24

Inflammation of the gallbladder, a small, digestive organ beneath the liver.
Cholecystitis is often caused by stones that block the tube leading from the gallbladder to the small intestine.
Severe pain in the upper right belly and bloating are symptoms.
Treatment includes a hospital stay and surgical removal.

Question 25

What are the clinical signs of protein malnutrition?

Answer 25

Edema, alopecia, and low serum albumin level (< 3.5 g/dL)

Question 26

What is alopecia?

Answer 26

Patchy hair loss

Question 27

What is an effective and convenient method to monitor protein status?

Answer 27

Testing client’s serum albumin concentration.

Question 28

What are the nutritional implications following bariatric surgery?

Answer 28

Main ones: Protein malnutrition, iron deficiency, calcium deficiency, Vitamin D deficiency, B12 deficiency, B9 deficiency (less common), B1 deficiency.
Possible: (Vit A, K, E)