Science Vocab 2 Flashcards
What are the vibrations in the ground that result from movement along breaks in Earth’s lithosphere?
Earthquakes
What is a break in Earth’s lithosphere where one block of rock moves toward, away from, or past another?
Fault
What is energy that travels as vibrations on and in earth?
Seismic Waves
What are waves that originate where rocks first move along the fault, at a location inside Earth called?
Focus
What is the location on Earth’s surface directly above the earthquakes focus?
Epicenter
What causes particles in the ground to move in a push-pull motion similar to a coiled spring?
Primary Waves
P-waves
These waves cause particles to move up and down at right angles relative to the direction the waves travels.
Secondary Waves
S-waves
What causes particles in the ground to move up and down in a rolling motion
Surface Waves
What are scientists that study earthquakes called?
Seismologists
What tool measures and records ground motion and can be used to determine the distance seismic waves travel?
Seismometer
What is a graphical illustration of seismic waves?
Seismogram
What is a vent in Earth’s crust through which melted, or molten, rock flows?
Volcano
What is molten rock below Earth’s surface called?
Magma
Molten rock that erupts onto Earth’s surface is called?
Lava
What are volcanoes that are not associated with plate boundaries called?
Hot Spots
These are common along divergent plate boundaries and oceanic hotspots. They are large with gentle slopes of basaltic lavas.
Shield Volcanoes
What are large, steep-sided volcanoes that result from explosive eruptions of andesitic and rhyolitic lava and ash along convergent plate boundaries.
Composite Volcanoes
What are small, steep-sided volcanoes that erupt gas-rich, basaltic lavas?
Cinder Cones
What are tiny particles of pulverized volcanic rock and glass.
Volcanic ash
What is a liquids resistance to flow
Viscosity
What type of lava erupts from shield volcanoes?
Basaltic
What are areas in the US that have the highest earthquake risk?
Example
California
