Science Unit A Flashcards
WHIMS
Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System
Fluid
Anything that has no fixed shape and can flow. Can be a liquid or a gas
Slurry
This mixture of water and solids is called a slurry. Slurry technology—the transport of solids in water—is important in many applications.
Pure Substance
Only made up of one kind of matter
Mixture
Made up of many different substances
Mechanical Mixture
You can see the different substances that make up the mixture
Heterogeneous Mixture
Soil and mixed vegetables are both mechanical mixtures. This type of mixture is sometimes called a heterogeneous mixture.
Solution
looks as if it is all one substance.
Suspension
a cloudy mixture in which droplets or tiny pieces of one substance are held within another substance.
Colloid
A cloudy mixture but the droplets are so small, they cannot be seperated
Solute
The substance that dissolves
Solvent
The substance that does the dissolving
Concentration
Tells you the amount of solute dissolved in a specific amount of solvent
Unsaturated solution
when the crystals do not dissolve
saturated
when no more solute can dissolve at a specific temperature
Solubility
the maximum amount of of solute you can add at a fixed volume
Aqueous solution
the solvent is water. Aqua is the Latin word for water.
Particle Model of Matter
can help to explain these and other situations. The particle model has four main points that describe the structure of matter.
Viscosity
It is determined by a fluid’s internal resistance or friction that keeps it from flowing
Density
is the amount of matter in a given volume.
Density
is the amount of matter in a given volume.
How to calculate density
D = mass/volume
Buoyant force
that pushes the object upward.
Buoyancy
the tendency of an object to float when placed in a fluid.
Plimsol line
TF = Tropical Fresh Water F = Fresh Water T = Tropical Salt Water S = Summer Salt Water W = Winter Salt Water WNA = Winter North Atlantic
Compressibility
When a force pushes on an object, the object is said to be under compression.
Incompressible
Cannot be compressed easily
Pressure
the amount of force applied to a given area. It is measured in pascals (Pa).
Pressure is calculated
P = Force/Area
Pascal’s Law
states that an enclosed fluid transmits pressure equally in all directions.
Hydraulic System
A system that uses water
Pneumatic system
When the system uses air
Phosphates
Make detergents work in hard water
Pump
is a device that moves fluid through or into something.
Pipeline pigs
The “pig” cleans the pipe with brushes as it moves through.
Valves
are an important part of any system for moving fluids. They are devices to control or regulate the amount of flow, like the valves in your bathroom taps.
On the surface
When the submarine is on the surface, its ballast tanks are full of air.
Diving
To dive, the submarine releases air from the ballast tanks through valves on the top of the tanks. Other valves at the bottom of the tanks open and allow seawater to enter
Re - surfacing
To the surface, compressed air is forced into the ballast tanks through the valves at the top.
Basic living things
• are made of cells • need energy • grow and develop • respond to the environment • reproduce • have adaptations for their environment
