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H Earth Science B Flash Cards > Science Unit 4 Lesson 1 > Flashcards

Science Unit 4 Lesson 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the definition of luster?

A

The way light interacts with the surface of a rock or mineral

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2
Q

What is the definition of vitreous?

A

Glassy

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3
Q

What is the defintion of hardness in a material?

A

The hardness of a mineral is its ability to resist scratching.

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4
Q

What scale is used to determined hardness?

A

Hardness can be measured using the Mohs scale of mineral hardness, developed by German mineralogist Friedrich Mohs. He assigned the values 1−10 to various minerals, with 1 being the softest and 10 being the hardest. Other minerals are ranked based on their ability to scratch
one another.

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5
Q

How do you find density using math?

A

The density of a substance is the ratio between its mass and its volume.

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6
Q

What an objects density?

A

An object’s density is related to whether it sinks or floats in a liquid. If the object sinks, it is more dense than the liquid. If it floats, it is less dense than
the liquid.

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7
Q

What does density refer to?

A

Density refers to how tightly an object’s atoms are packed together.

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8
Q

What is the luster of an object?

A

The luster of a rock or mineral sample is the way light interacts with its surface.

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9
Q

What does transparencey refer to in the case of luster?

A

Transparency refers to the amount of light that passes
through a sample.

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10
Q

What does transparent mean in the case of luster?

A

Transparent means that all light passes
through.

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11
Q

What does translucent mean refering to luster?

A

Translucent means that some light passes through.

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12
Q

What does opaque mean refering to luster?

A

Opaque means that no light passes through.

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13
Q

What does reflective mean reffering to luster?

A

Reflective means that light bounces off of a sample.

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14
Q

What does refraction mean refering to luster?

A

Refraction refers to how light bends as it passes through the sample.

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15
Q

What are the 2 types of luster?

A

There are two main types of luster: metallic and non-metallic.

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16
Q

What is metalic luster?

A

A rock or mineral that looks like a shiny
metal has metallic luster.

17
Q

A rock or mineral that has metallic luster
has what traits?

A

A rock or mineral that has metallic luster
is opaque and reflective.

18
Q

What is sub metalic luster?

A

A sample with submetallic luster has the appearance of a dull metal. Its surface is reflective but slightly dulled.

19
Q

What is non metalic luster?

A

A rock or mineral with non-metallic luster doesn’t look like a metal at all. Non-metallic luster is divided into several sub-types.

20
Q

Non-metallic luster sub-types:

A
  • adamantine: translucent with a sparkly appearance
  • dull: opaque, no reflection
  • earthy: looks like soil or clay
  • greasy: looks to be coated in oil
  • pearly: has the sheen of a pearl
  • resinous: looks like amber; not quite glassy
  • silky: looks like silk; fine parallel fibers of
    mineral
  • vitreous: looks like glass
  • waxy: looks like wax
21
Q

Which one mineral is known to repel from a magnetic field?

A

Bismuth

22
Q

What is cleavage?

A

Cleavage refers to the tendency of a mineral to break along smooth planes.

23
Q

What is fracture?

A

Fracture refers to the tendency of a mineral to break along surfaces that are not smooth.

24
Q

What is the definition of magnetism?

A

How a mineral reacts when placed within a magnetic field

25
Q

Rocks are composed of what?

A

Rocks are composed of minerals

26
Q

What are minerals?

A

Minerals are inorganic solids that occur naturally

27
Q

What is an element?

A

An element is a naturally occurring substance that can be broken down further through a chemical process

28
Q

A mineral is made out of what?

A

A mineral is made out of 1 or more elements

29
Q

What is so special about silica sand?

A

Silica has moisture-absorbing properties. This mineral is also abrasive, meaning it is rough and can used to polish a surface.

30
Q

What is silica sand used for?

A

You may have seen silica gel packets, which rely on silica’s moisture-absorbing properties.

31
Q

What does hydraulic fracturing, or framing, do?

A

A method of extracting oil and gas by injecting rocks with a liquid at high pressure.

32
Q

_____ is pure silica and is used as a proppant in fracking–it props open the fractures within the rock.

A

Frac sand

33
Q

What does frac sand do to the environment?

A

It affects sand dune ecosystems

34
Q

What is phosphorus?

A

A necessary nutrient for all living things

H Earth Science B Flash Cards (46 decks)

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