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Jeffrey > Science U4 L3 Mountain Building > Flashcards

Science U4 L3 Mountain Building Flashcards

1
Q

Strike-slip fault

A

fault blocks move past each other horizontally

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2
Q

Tectonic plate

A

a block of lithosphere that consists of crust

the rigid outermost part of the mantle

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3
Q

Describe how low viscosity eruptions effect how a mountain is created.

A
  • flows easily
  • forms low slopes
  • erupts w/o large explosions
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4
Q

Hinge

A

the middle point of the bend in a syncline or anticline

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5
Q

What are the three kinds of faults?

A
  1. Strike-slip faults
  2. Normal faults
  3. Reverse Faults
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6
Q

T/F? There are underwater volcanoes.

A

True

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7
Q

Explain how a lava plateua can form

A

Lava can flow out of the entire length of the fissure. As a result, a thick and mostly flattened layer layer of cooled lava can form

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8
Q

What are the most common volcanoes along convergent plate boundaries?

A

Composite volcanoes

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9
Q

Anticline

A

the oldest layers of rock are found on the core of the fold, the youngest layers are found on the outside of the fold

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10
Q

What type of fault is San Andreas fault system?

A

Strike-slip fault

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11
Q

What is the boundary of a normal fault

A

Divergent

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12
Q

When the magma chamber below a volcano empties, the roof of the magma chamber may collapse and leave an even larger basin-shaped depression called _________________?

A

Caldera

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13
Q

What is the boundary of a reverse fault

A

Convergent

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14
Q

Volcanic ash

A

Small fragments of rock material that are ejected from a volcano

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15
Q

Lava

A

Magma that has reached Earth’s surface.

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16
Q

How are Reverse faults formed?

A

compression

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17
Q

Fault block

A

BLOCKS of rock on either side of the FAULT

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18
Q

What types of volcanic formations form at divergent plate boundaries?

A

Fissure eruptions
Shield Volcanoes
Fissure eruptions
Cidar Cones

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19
Q

What do you call a volcano in which an eruption has not occurred in a long time?

A

Dormant

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20
Q

How are strip-slip faults formed?

A

when rock is under shear stress

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21
Q

Where most divergent boundaries occur?

A

Ocean Floor (often forming underwater volcanoes)

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22
Q

What are the two kinds of folds?

A

Synclines & Anticlines

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23
Q

What can high temperatures do to rock?

A

allow rock to bend

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24
Q

Three kinds of Mountains?

A
  1. Folded Mountains
  2. Volcanic Mountains
  3. Fault-Block Mountains
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25
Q

What is the boundary of a strike slip fault

A

Transform

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26
Q

Fault

A

the crack that forms when large blocks of rock break and move past each other

27
Q

a location where a column of extremely hot mantle rock, called a mantle plume, rises through the atmosphere

A

hot spot

28
Q

This occurs when rock layers bend under stress.

A

Folding (bends are called folds)

29
Q

Pyroclastic materials

A

hot ash and bits of rock

30
Q

How are normal faults formed?

A

when rock is under tension

31
Q

How does the movement of tectonic plates cause defomation in rocks?

A

It places stress on the rocks which changes the shape of the rocks.

32
Q

How are folds classified?

A

based on the age of rock layers

33
Q

Lava and clouds of ash can erupt from a ______, or opening of a volcano.

A

Vent

34
Q

What determines the explosiveness of an eruption and the shape of the resulting volcanic mountain?

A

The viscosity

35
Q

Describe how high viscosity eruptions effect how a mountain is created.

A
  • does not flow easily
  • forms steep slopes
  • can erupt explosively
36
Q

Inside the volcano, molten rock can form an expanded area of magma called __________________?

A

Magma Chamber

37
Q

Stress

A

the amount of force per unit area that is place on an object

38
Q

What can low temperature do to materials?

A

Make them more brittle or easily broken

39
Q

Eruptions at hot spots commonly form what type of volcano

A

shield volcanoes

40
Q

Composite volcanoes

A
  • Alternating layers of hardened lava flows and pyroclastic material create composite volcanoes
  • usually steep and large mountains
41
Q

underwater mountain range

A

mid-ocean ridge

42
Q

Shear stress

A

stress that pushes pushes rocks in parallel but opposite directions

43
Q

Deformation

A

process by which rocks change shape when under stress.

44
Q

Volcanic crater

A

an opening or depression at the top of a volcano caused by eruptions

45
Q

Cinder cones

A
  • ash & pieces of lava harden in the air and fall to the ground around a small vent. The hardened pieces of lava are called ciders
  • a steep cone hill or mountain
46
Q

shield volcanoes

A

-volcanoes w/ a broad base & gently sloping sides
-cover a wide area
-layers of lava flow out from the vent, harden & slowly build up to form the cone
-made of many layers
formed by quiet eruptions

47
Q

What do you call the block above the fault plane?

A

hanging wall

48
Q

Give two examples of mid-ocean ridges

A

East Pacific Rise

Mid Atlantic Ridge

49
Q

How can a fault plane be oriented?

A

horizontally, vertically or at any angle in between

50
Q

Fault plane

A

the location where two fault blocks meet

51
Q

Given an example of folded mountains.

A

Pyrenees

52
Q

Fissure Eruptions

A
  • when lava flows from giant cracks, or fissures, in Earth’s surface
  • has no central opening
53
Q

What do you call the block below the fault plane?

A

footwall

54
Q

Syncline

A

the youngest layer of rock are found at the core of a fold, the oldest layers are found on the outside of the fold

55
Q

Normal fault

A

Hanging wall moves down relative to the footwall

56
Q

The sudden movement of fault blocks can cause?

A

Earthquakes

57
Q

the resistance of a liquid material to flow

A

Viscosity

58
Q

List the volcanic landforms

A 
shield volcanoes
cider cones
lava plateaus
craters
calderas
59
Q

Volcano

A

Any place where gas, ash, or melted rock come out of the ground

60
Q

Reverse Fault

A

hanging wall moves up relative to the footwall

61
Q

Compression

A

stress that squeezes or pushes rock together.

62
Q

What is the name used to describe the numerous explosive volcanoes that form on convergent plate boundaries surrounding the Pacific Ocean?

A

Ring of Fire

63
Q

What is magma?

A

Melted rock that is less dense than solid rock

Jeffrey (26 decks)

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