Science U4 L3 Mountain Building

Question 1

Strike-slip fault

Answer 1

fault blocks move past each other horizontally

Question 2

Tectonic plate

Answer 2

a block of lithosphere that consists of crust

the rigid outermost part of the mantle

Question 3

Describe how low viscosity eruptions effect how a mountain is created.

Answer 3

• flows easily
• forms low slopes
• erupts w/o large explosions

Question 4

Hinge

Answer 4

the middle point of the bend in a syncline or anticline

Question 5

What are the three kinds of faults?

Answer 5

1. Strike-slip faults
2. Normal faults
3. Reverse Faults

Question 6

T/F? There are underwater volcanoes.

Answer 6

True

Question 7

Explain how a lava plateua can form

Answer 7

Lava can flow out of the entire length of the fissure. As a result, a thick and mostly flattened layer layer of cooled lava can form

Question 8

What are the most common volcanoes along convergent plate boundaries?

Answer 8

Composite volcanoes

Question 9

Anticline

Answer 9

the oldest layers of rock are found on the core of the fold, the youngest layers are found on the outside of the fold

Question 10

What type of fault is San Andreas fault system?

Answer 10

Strike-slip fault

Question 11

What is the boundary of a normal fault

Answer 11

Divergent

Question 12

When the magma chamber below a volcano empties, the roof of the magma chamber may collapse and leave an even larger basin-shaped depression called _________________?

Answer 12

Caldera

Question 13

What is the boundary of a reverse fault

Answer 13

Convergent

Question 14

Volcanic ash

Answer 14

Small fragments of rock material that are ejected from a volcano

Question 15

Lava

Answer 15

Magma that has reached Earth’s surface.

Question 16

How are Reverse faults formed?

Answer 16

compression

Question 17

Fault block

Answer 17

BLOCKS of rock on either side of the FAULT

Question 18

What types of volcanic formations form at divergent plate boundaries?

Answer 18

Fissure eruptions
Shield Volcanoes
Fissure eruptions
Cidar Cones

Question 19

What do you call a volcano in which an eruption has not occurred in a long time?

Answer 19

Dormant

Question 20

How are strip-slip faults formed?

Answer 20

when rock is under shear stress

Question 21

Where most divergent boundaries occur?

Answer 21

Ocean Floor (often forming underwater volcanoes)

Question 22

What are the two kinds of folds?

Answer 22

Synclines & Anticlines

Question 23

What can high temperatures do to rock?

Answer 23

allow rock to bend

Question 24

Three kinds of Mountains?

Answer 24

1. Folded Mountains
2. Volcanic Mountains
3. Fault-Block Mountains

Question 25

What is the boundary of a strike slip fault

Answer 25

Transform

Question 26

Fault

Answer 26

the crack that forms when large blocks of rock break and move past each other

Question 27

a location where a column of extremely hot mantle rock, called a mantle plume, rises through the atmosphere

Answer 27

hot spot

Question 28

This occurs when rock layers bend under stress.

Answer 28

Folding (bends are called folds)

Question 29

Pyroclastic materials

Answer 29

hot ash and bits of rock

Question 30

How are normal faults formed?

Answer 30

when rock is under tension

Question 31

How does the movement of tectonic plates cause defomation in rocks?

Answer 31

It places stress on the rocks which changes the shape of the rocks.

Question 32

How are folds classified?

Answer 32

based on the age of rock layers

Question 33

Lava and clouds of ash can erupt from a ______, or opening of a volcano.

Answer 33

Vent

Question 34

What determines the explosiveness of an eruption and the shape of the resulting volcanic mountain?

Answer 34

The viscosity

Question 35

Describe how high viscosity eruptions effect how a mountain is created.

Answer 35

- does not flow easily - forms steep slopes - can erupt explosively

Question 36

Inside the volcano, molten rock can form an expanded area of magma called __________________?

Answer 36

Magma Chamber

Question 37

Stress

Answer 37

the amount of force per unit area that is place on an object

Question 38

What can low temperature do to materials?

Answer 38

Make them more brittle or easily broken

Question 39

Eruptions at hot spots commonly form what type of volcano

Answer 39

shield volcanoes

Question 40

Composite volcanoes

Answer 40

- Alternating layers of hardened lava flows and pyroclastic material create composite volcanoes - usually steep and large mountains

Question 41

underwater mountain range

Answer 41

mid-ocean ridge

Question 42

Shear stress

Answer 42

stress that pushes pushes rocks in parallel but opposite directions

Question 43

Deformation

Answer 43

process by which rocks change shape when under stress.

Question 44

Volcanic crater

Answer 44

an opening or depression at the top of a volcano caused by eruptions

Question 45

Cinder cones

Answer 45

- ash & pieces of lava harden in the air and fall to the ground around a small vent. The hardened pieces of lava are called ciders - a steep cone hill or mountain

Question 46

shield volcanoes

Answer 46

-volcanoes w/ a broad base & gently sloping sides -cover a wide area -layers of lava flow out from the vent, harden & slowly build up to form the cone -made of many layers formed by quiet eruptions

Question 47

What do you call the block above the fault plane?

Answer 47

hanging wall

Question 48

Give two examples of mid-ocean ridges

Answer 48

East Pacific Rise | Mid Atlantic Ridge

Question 49

How can a fault plane be oriented?

Answer 49

horizontally, vertically or at any angle in between

Question 50

Fault plane

Answer 50

the location where two fault blocks meet

Question 51

Given an example of folded mountains.

Answer 51

Pyrenees

Question 52

Fissure Eruptions

Answer 52

- when lava flows from giant cracks, or fissures, in Earth's surface - has no central opening

Question 53

What do you call the block below the fault plane?

Answer 53

footwall

Question 54

Syncline

Answer 54

the youngest layer of rock are found at the core of a fold, the oldest layers are found on the outside of the fold

Question 55

Normal fault

Answer 55

Hanging wall moves down relative to the footwall

Question 56

The sudden movement of fault blocks can cause?

Answer 56

Earthquakes

Question 57

the resistance of a liquid material to flow

Answer 57

Viscosity

Question 58

List the volcanic landforms

Answer 58

``` shield volcanoes cider cones lava plateaus craters calderas ```

Question 59

Volcano

Answer 59

Any place where gas, ash, or melted rock come out of the ground

Question 60

Reverse Fault

Answer 60

hanging wall moves up relative to the footwall

Question 61

Compression

Answer 61

stress that squeezes or pushes rock together.

Question 62

What is the name used to describe the numerous explosive volcanoes that form on convergent plate boundaries surrounding the Pacific Ocean?

Answer 62

Ring of Fire

Question 63

What is magma?

Answer 63

Melted rock that is less dense than solid rock