Science U3 L1

Question 1

Mineral

Answer 1

a naturally occurring, usually inorganic solid that has a definite crystalline structure and chemical composition

Question 2

Elements

Answer 2

Pure substances that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary chemical means

Question 3

Atoms

Answer 3

building blocks of matter

Question 4

Compound

Answer 4

a substance that is made up of molecules of two or more elements

Question 5

Matter

Answer 5

anything that has volume and mass

Question 6

Volume

Answer 6

the amount of space an object takes up

Question 7

Crystal

Answer 7

a solid geometric form that results from a repeating pattern of atoms or molecules

Question 8

Streak

Answer 8

the color of the powdered form of a mineral

Question 9

Luster

Answer 9

the way a surface reflects light

Question 10

Cleavage

Answer 10

the tendency of a mineral to split along specific planes of weakness to form smooth, flat surfaces.

Question 11

How many different types of atoms make up an element?

Answer 11

An element is made up of only one type of atom.

Question 12

What do you call stable particles made up of strongly bonded atoms?

Answer 12

Molecules

Question 13

What do you call a mineral that is composed of only one element? Give two examples.

Answer 13

Native element. i.e. gold and silver.

Question 14

Can a liquid or gas be a mineral?

Answer 14

No. Minerals are solid.

Question 15

Is water a mineral?

Answer 15

It is only a mineral in its solid state (ice)

Question 16

What are the characteristics of all minerals? or

What do all minerals have in common?

Answer 16

1. They have a definite chemical composition.
2. They are solid
3. Usually inorganic
4. Crystalline Structure
5. Naturally occurring

Question 17

What are three ways in which minerals are formed?

Answer 17

1. Cooling of magma and lava
2. Metamorphism
3. From Solutions

Question 18

Describe Metamorphism.

Answer 18

When temperature and pressure within the Earth cause new minerals to form. The chemical and and crystalline makeup of minerals change.

Question 19

Give an example of metamorphism

Answer 19

formation of diamonds

Question 20

What do you call the substance that forms from the evaporation of substances?

Answer 20

Precipitate

Question 21

Does hot water or cold water dissolve more materials?

Answer 21

Hot water

Question 22

Give an example of a mineral created by evaporation of solutions.

Answer 22

Halite

Question 23

Give an example of a mineral created by cooling of solution on earths surface.

Answer 23

Dolomite

Question 24

Give an example of a mineral created by cooling of solution under earths surface.

Answer 24

Gold

Question 25

How are minerals classified?

Answer 25

As silicate or nonsilicate minerals

Question 26

What are silicate minerals?

Answer 26

Made from silicon and oxygen

Question 27

What class of minerals make up most of the Earth’s crust?

Answer 27

Silicate (90%)

Question 28

Give an example of a silicate.

Answer 28

Quartz

Question 29

What are the building blocks of Silicate minerals?

Answer 29

silicate tetrahedrons

Question 30

What is the composition of a silicate tetrahedron?

Answer 30

one silicon atom bonded to four oxygen atoms

Question 31

What are nonsilicate minerals?

Answer 31

minerals that do not contain the silicate tetrahedron building block

Question 32

What properties can be used to identify minerals?

Answer 32

1. color
2. streak
3. luster
4. cleavage and fracture
5. density
6. hardness
7. special properties

Question 33

Define density.

Answer 33

measure of how much matter is in a given space

Question 34

Define Hardness

Answer 34

mineral’s resistance to being scratched

Question 35

How is hardness measured?

Answer 35

Mohs hardness scale.

The harder the substance the higher the number (eg. diamond-10)