Science Test Revision Flashcards
Name a natural satellite
The moon
List in order, the planets of the solar system
Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune
Define an Earth year
Time for the Earth to orbit the sun, 365.25 days
Explain how day and night occurs
The Earth turns on its axis, day is when the part of the Earth is facing the sun and night is when it’s not
Why do we have seasons?
The Earth is tilted on its axis
State the 4 main phases of the moon
Full, crescent, quarter, gibbous
What’s a solar and a lunar eclipse?
Solar - When the moon is in front of the sun
Lunar- When the moon is behind the earth and the earth is in front of the sun
What is a constellation?
A group of stars
How long does it take the earth to spin once on its axis?
24 hours
How long does it take for the moon to orbit the Earth?
28 days
Define weight
Weight is the force of gravity on an object and is measured in Newton’s
What units are mass measured in science
Kilograms (kg)
What units are weight measured in science?
Newton’s (N)
Define gravity
An attractive non - contact force between 2 objects with mass
Explain the difference between the light from the moon and the light from the sun
The sun is a luminous object and is a source of light. The moon is a non - luminous object an reflects the light from the sun, it is not a source of light.
What is the MMR vaccine used to protect against?
Measles, Mumps and Rubella
What is a medicinal drug?
It’s legal
Medicinal drugs are used to treat illness or pain
What is a recreational drug?
Are sometimes illegal but not always
Used because people like the affect it has on the body
Explain 5 ways the body protects itself from invading pathogens
Skin - Act as a physical barrier
Eyes - Produces tears that contain enzymes that kill bacteria
Throat/Airways - traps pathogens in mucus
Stomach - Strong acid kills any pathogens swallowed
Nose - hairs trap invading pathogens
How sedimentary rocks are formed by erosion and transportation order:
Compaction, Erosion, Deposition, Cementation, Transportation
Erosion, Transportation, Deposition, Compaction, Cementation
What types of weathering does freeze - thaw, acid rain and animal and plants come under?
Freeze - thaw = Physical
Acid rain = Chemical
Animals and plants = Biological
Properties of igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks:
Igneous rock - Hard crystalline, non - porous with no fossils
Sedimentary - Layers of porous rock with some fossils, non - interlocking grains e.g. shale, coal, limestone
Metamorphic - Inter - locking crystals, dense and heavy, rarely any fossils, non - porous e.g. slate, quartzite, marble
What is a finite source:
Something that can only be used once and is limited supply
Carbon dioxide was the main gas (95%) in the early atmosphere - how did it reduce?
It dissolved in oceans and was locked up in rocks and fossil fuels
Evolution of plants took it in for photosynthesis
What does carbon dioxide contribute to?
Global warming (it’s a greenhouse gas)
Name 2 ways that carbon dioxide is removed and returned to the atmosphere
Returned - Respiration, Combustion
Removed - Photosynthesis, absorbed in oceans, trapped in rocks and fuels
Equations for photosynthesis, respiration and combustion
Photosynthesis - carbon dioxide + water —> glucose + oxygen
Respiration - glucose + oxygen —> carbon dioxide + water + energy
Combustion - fuel + oxygen —> carbon dioxide + water
Explain the rock cycle
Magma cools then becomes igneous rock, which then because of weathering and erosion, transportation and deposition, Cementation and compaction, it turns into sedimentary rock, then because of heat and pressure, it turns into metamorphic rock, then it melts again and it repeats.
Why can we see white and black objects?
White objects reflect all the colours of the spectrum, on the other hand black objects absorb all the colours.
Why do we see red objects?
We can see red objects because the object absorbs all the colours of the spectrum except red and then reflects red light.
What does translucent mean?
Objects that allow some light to pass through them
What does transparent mean?
Objects that allow light to pass through them
Name 2 types of waves
Transverse and longitudinal
What do waves transfer?
Energy
In transverse waves which way are the vibrations?
Perpendicular (at right angles) to the direction the waves transfer energy
What is a medium?
Material that waves travel in
Give 2 examples of transverse waves
X-rays, light, surface water ripples, radio
Give 2 examples of longitudinal waves
Seismic, sound, stretched spring, ultrasound
What is the dotted line drawn at a 90 degree angle to a plane mirror on a ray diagram called?
Normal
Why can sound not be heard in a vacuum?
There are no particles to vibrate.
What is the law of reflection?
Angle of incidence = angle of reflection
What are the definitions and units of amplitude, wavelength and frequency?
Amplitude - The height of the peak from the central line (cm or m)
Wavelength - The distance from peak to peak (1 wave to the next) (cm or m)
Frequency - The number of complete waves per second, (Hertz or Hz)
Describe what happens to sound when the amplitude is increased
Gets louder
Describe what happens to a sound when the wavelength is increased
Gets lower
Which wave travels quickest?
Light, Sound or Water?
Light
Why does light refract?
Speed changes (slows down or speeds up) when it enters a different medium
When light enters a glass block from the air which way does the light bend?
Towards the normal
State the 2 types of lenses
Concave and convex
