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Yr8-Science > Science Test Revision > Flashcards

Science Test Revision Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Name a natural satellite

A

The moon

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2
Q

List in order, the planets of the solar system

A

Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune

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3
Q

Define an Earth year

A

Time for the Earth to orbit the sun, 365.25 days

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4
Q

Explain how day and night occurs

A

The Earth turns on its axis, day is when the part of the Earth is facing the sun and night is when it’s not

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5
Q

Why do we have seasons?

A

The Earth is tilted on its axis

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6
Q

State the 4 main phases of the moon

A

Full, crescent, quarter, gibbous

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7
Q

What’s a solar and a lunar eclipse?

A

Solar - When the moon is in front of the sun

Lunar- When the moon is behind the earth and the earth is in front of the sun

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8
Q

What is a constellation?

A

A group of stars

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9
Q

How long does it take the earth to spin once on its axis?

A

24 hours

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10
Q

How long does it take for the moon to orbit the Earth?

A

28 days

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11
Q

Define weight

A

Weight is the force of gravity on an object and is measured in Newton’s

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12
Q

What units are mass measured in science

A

Kilograms (kg)

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13
Q

What units are weight measured in science?

A

Newton’s (N)

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14
Q

Define gravity

A

An attractive non - contact force between 2 objects with mass

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15
Q

Explain the difference between the light from the moon and the light from the sun

A

The sun is a luminous object and is a source of light. The moon is a non - luminous object an reflects the light from the sun, it is not a source of light.

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16
Q

What is the MMR vaccine used to protect against?

A

Measles, Mumps and Rubella

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17
Q

What is a medicinal drug?

A

It’s legal

Medicinal drugs are used to treat illness or pain

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18
Q

What is a recreational drug?

A

Are sometimes illegal but not always

Used because people like the affect it has on the body

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19
Q

Explain 5 ways the body protects itself from invading pathogens

A

Skin - Act as a physical barrier
Eyes - Produces tears that contain enzymes that kill bacteria
Throat/Airways - traps pathogens in mucus
Stomach - Strong acid kills any pathogens swallowed
Nose - hairs trap invading pathogens

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20
Q

How sedimentary rocks are formed by erosion and transportation order:
Compaction, Erosion, Deposition, Cementation, Transportation

A

Erosion, Transportation, Deposition, Compaction, Cementation

21
Q

What types of weathering does freeze - thaw, acid rain and animal and plants come under?

A

Freeze - thaw = Physical
Acid rain = Chemical
Animals and plants = Biological

22
Q

Properties of igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks:

A

Igneous rock - Hard crystalline, non - porous with no fossils

Sedimentary - Layers of porous rock with some fossils, non - interlocking grains e.g. shale, coal, limestone

Metamorphic - Inter - locking crystals, dense and heavy, rarely any fossils, non - porous e.g. slate, quartzite, marble

23
Q

What is a finite source:

A

Something that can only be used once and is limited supply

24
Q

Carbon dioxide was the main gas (95%) in the early atmosphere - how did it reduce?

A

It dissolved in oceans and was locked up in rocks and fossil fuels
Evolution of plants took it in for photosynthesis

25
Q

What does carbon dioxide contribute to?

A

Global warming (it’s a greenhouse gas)

26
Q

Name 2 ways that carbon dioxide is removed and returned to the atmosphere

A

Returned - Respiration, Combustion

Removed - Photosynthesis, absorbed in oceans, trapped in rocks and fuels

27
Q

Equations for photosynthesis, respiration and combustion

A

Photosynthesis - carbon dioxide + water —> glucose + oxygen

Respiration - glucose + oxygen —> carbon dioxide + water + energy

Combustion - fuel + oxygen —> carbon dioxide + water

28
Q

Explain the rock cycle

A

Magma cools then becomes igneous rock, which then because of weathering and erosion, transportation and deposition, Cementation and compaction, it turns into sedimentary rock, then because of heat and pressure, it turns into metamorphic rock, then it melts again and it repeats.

29
Q

Why can we see white and black objects?

A

White objects reflect all the colours of the spectrum, on the other hand black objects absorb all the colours.

30
Q

Why do we see red objects?

A

We can see red objects because the object absorbs all the colours of the spectrum except red and then reflects red light.

31
Q

What does translucent mean?

A

Objects that allow some light to pass through them

32
Q

What does transparent mean?

A

Objects that allow light to pass through them

33
Q

Name 2 types of waves

A

Transverse and longitudinal

34
Q

What do waves transfer?

A

Energy

35
Q

In transverse waves which way are the vibrations?

A

Perpendicular (at right angles) to the direction the waves transfer energy

36
Q

What is a medium?

A

Material that waves travel in

37
Q

Give 2 examples of transverse waves

A

X-rays, light, surface water ripples, radio

38
Q

Give 2 examples of longitudinal waves

A

Seismic, sound, stretched spring, ultrasound

39
Q

What is the dotted line drawn at a 90 degree angle to a plane mirror on a ray diagram called?

A

Normal

40
Q

Why can sound not be heard in a vacuum?

A

There are no particles to vibrate.

41
Q

What is the law of reflection?

A

Angle of incidence = angle of reflection

42
Q

What are the definitions and units of amplitude, wavelength and frequency?

A

Amplitude - The height of the peak from the central line (cm or m)

Wavelength - The distance from peak to peak (1 wave to the next) (cm or m)

Frequency - The number of complete waves per second, (Hertz or Hz)

43
Q

Describe what happens to sound when the amplitude is increased

A

Gets louder

44
Q

Describe what happens to a sound when the wavelength is increased

A

Gets lower

45
Q

Which wave travels quickest?

Light, Sound or Water?

A

Light

46
Q

Why does light refract?

A

Speed changes (slows down or speeds up) when it enters a different medium

47
Q

When light enters a glass block from the air which way does the light bend?

A

Towards the normal

48
Q

State the 2 types of lenses

A

Concave and convex

Yr8-Science (8 decks)

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