Science Revision Test 3 Flashcards
What is the definition for elastic deformation?
Object returns to original shape after stretching or compressing
What is the definition for inelastic deformation?
Object is unable to change shape
State Hooke’s Law
The extension of the spring is directly proportional to the force applied. This means that if you double the force, the extension also doubles.
State Hooke’s Law equation
Force = spring constant x extension (F= ke)
Describe what happens to a spring when it is stretched beyond the limit of proportionality
The shape has changed irreversible
List the equipment used for the Hooke’s law experiment
Sprint, retort stand/ clamp stand, clamp and boss, masses, ruler
State the pressure equation
Pressure = force / area (P=F/A)
Explain everyday uses of pressure
Snow shoes walking in snow (bigger surface area)
Camels walking on the sand
Explain how a bed of nails work
The weight of the person is spread across a bed of nails, meaning the pressure is spread across these small points.
What is an independent variable?
What you change
What is a dependant variable?
What you measure
What is a control variable?
What you keep the same
Write 2 facts about pressure in liquids
The pressure acts all around and increases with depth
What is air pressure affected by?
Quantity of particles & temperature
Why is the pressure at the top of a mountain less than at the bottom?
There a fewer particles
What is the law of conversation of mass
Total mass of reactants = total mass of products
Write the formula for water, carbon dioxide, oxygen and hydrogen
H2O, CO2, O2, H2
Write the general equation for metals reacting with water
Metal + water —> Metal hydroxide + Hydrogen
Write the general equation for metals reacting with acid
Metal + acid —> Salt + hydrogen
How does this acid name change when added to a metal
Hydrochloride makes chlorides
Sulphuric makes sulphates
Nitric makes nitrates
Define combustion
Burning in oxygen producing heat and light
Write the general equation for metals reacting with oxygen (air)?
Metal + oxygen —> Metal Oxide
State the order of the reactivity series
Potassium, Sodium, Calcium, Magnesium, Aluminium, Carbon, Zinc, Iron, Lead, Copper, Silver, Gold
Why is carbon placed in the reactivity series when it’s not a metal?
Carbon can be used to displace the metals below from their compounds
What is the rule for naming 2 elements together in a compound?
Name ends in -ide
What is the rule for naming 3 elements together in a compound, with one containing oxygen?
Name ends in -ate
Which side of the arrow in an equation shows the reactants?
The left side
Which side of the arrow in an equation shows the products?
Right side
Write a word equation to make sodium chloride from sodium and chlorine
sodium + chlorine —> sodium chloride
How do you test for the presence of hydrogen?
Lit splint will go pop (squeaky pop test)
What shows a chemical reaction has happened?
Light produced, colour or temperature change, has given off (bubbles)
What is a displacement reaction?
Where a more reactive metal (or carbon) displaces a less reactive metal from the compound
Can magnesium displace iron from iron oxide
Yes because magnesium is more reactive than iron
Can calcium displace sodium from sodium oxide?
No because sodium is more reactive than calcium
Why is carbon used to extract iron from iron oxide?
Carbon is more reactive than iron so it can displace the iron
Define electrolysis
Splitting compounds into individual elements using electricity
What state does the compound need to be in for electrolysis?
Molten (liquid) or in solution
What are the changes in the electrodes in electrolysis?
Positive & negative
What happens in electrolysis?
Opposite charged ions are attracted to an electrode
What can electrolysis be used for?
Electroplating jewellery, purifying copper, extracting aluminium
Write the general word equation for the reaction of metal oxides with acid
Metal oxide + acid —> salt + water
How would you separate an insoluble solid from a solution & then obtain crystals?
Filter the insoluble solid the leave the solution to evaporate leaving crystals behind
