Science Test 5 Flashcards
Define Nutrient
Chemical in your food we need to survive
What are carbohydrates?
They are sugars and starches
How do cells use carbohydrates?
They use it for energy
What are the characteristics of carbohydrates?
They are mostly elements, CHO, they are polar, and the ratio is 2:1 H:O
Define/Identify Monosaccharides
They only have one ring
What are examples of monosaccharides?
glucose and fructose
Define/Identify Disaccharides
They have two rings
What are some examples of disaccharides?
Sucrose and Lactose
Define/Identify Polysaccharides
They have 10 or more rings
What are some examples of polysaccharides?
starch and cellulose
How do monosaccharides bond to form disaccharides and polysaccharides?
They remove water (H2O)
What foods contain Carbohydrates?
Foods made from plants (Bread and Fruits) (BTW this is a matching question I believe)
How do you test for sugars?
Use Benedict solution
How do you test for starches?
Iodine
What are lipids?
Fats, Oils, and Waxes
How do cells use lipids?
energy storage, cushions organs, insolation.
What are the characteristics of a lipid?
Made of elements, CHO, they are non-polar
What makes up a fat molecule and how do they bond?
1 glycerol and 3 fatty acids/ Remove 3 water molecules
What are characteristics of saturated fats?
Made from animals, and solid at room temperature, Called fats
What are characteristics of unsaturated fats?
Made from plants, and liquid at room temperature, Called oils
What leads to high blood cholesterol?
Saturated Fats
What foods contain lipids?
Butter….
How do you test for lipids?
Put the food on a piece of paper and see if itʻs transparent
How do cells use protein?
To grow, Help your muscles, repair tissue
What are characteristics of proteins?
elements, CHON enzymes, 3rd source of energy
What makes up a protein molecule and how do they bond?
They are made of amino acids bonded together/ by removing H2O
What determines a protein type?
The order of amino acids
What foods contain protein?
Fish and animal products, peanuts, nuts, beans
How do you test for proteins?
Biuret Solution
Define Vitamins
Coenzymes and compounds made by living things
What are Enzymes?
Catalysts
What is the difference between fat soluble and water soluble vitamins?
Fat= Non-polar
Water=Polar
What is some examples of fat-soluble vitamins?
Vitamins A,D,E,K
What is some examples of water-soluble vitamins?
Vitamins B and C
Can fat soluble vitamins be stored in the body?
Yes (In Body Tissue)
Can water soluble vitamins be stored in the body?
No (Cannot be stored because dissolves in water)
Define Mineral
inorganic elements that you need
What are some examples of minerals?
Calcium, Iron, ect
What are the functions of water in the human body?
MOST CHEMICAL REACTION REQUIRE WATER!!!
What percent of the human body is water?
70% for the test (More like 66%)
Define Calorie
A unit of energy in food
How do you calculate calories?
of cal = #gallons (times) # degrees celsius
What are the four basic food groups
Fruit Vegetable, Grain, Meat, Milk
What are the main nutrients supplied in each of those four basic food groups.
???????? What is this???????
