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Science > Science Test 4 > Flashcards

Science Test 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

Define Chemical Reactions

A

When substances react to form new substances
Chemical bonds are Made/Broken
Atoms are rearranged to form something new

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2
Q

3CO2 + 3H2O ——> C3H6O3 + 3O2

In this chemical equation, what do call 3CO2 + 3H2O?

A

The Reactants

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3
Q

3CO2 + 3H2O ——> C3H6O3 + 3O2

In this chemical equation, what do call C3H6O3 + 3O2?

A

The Product

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4
Q

3CO2 + 3H2O ——> C3H6O3 + 3O2

In this chemical equation, what do call the arrow?

A

Yield

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5
Q

Define an endothermic reaction

A

An endothermic reaction absorbs heat

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6
Q

Define an exothermic reaction

A

An exothermic reaction releases heat

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7
Q

What are the 4 basic types of chemical reactions?

A

Synthesis
Decomposition
Single Replacement
Double Replacement

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8
Q

Define Synthesis

A

When two or more substances combine to form a more complex substance

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9
Q

Define Decomposition

A

A complex substance (compound) is broken down into two or more simpler substances

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10
Q

Define Single Replacement

A

Where an element replaces another element in a compound

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11
Q

Define Double Replacement

A

where compounds react to form two new compounds

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12
Q

Balance this chemical equation and define what reaction is occurring:
_S8 + _O2 –> _SO3

A

S8 + 12O2 –> 8SO3
Synthesis

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13
Q

Balance this chemical equation and define what reaction is occurring:
_Al + _FeO –> _Al2O3 + _Fe

A

2Al + 3FeO –> Al2O3 + 3Fe
Single Replacement

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14
Q

Balance this chemical equation and define what reaction is occurring:
_C10H16 + _Cl2 –> _C + _HCl

A

C10H16 + 8Cl2 –> 10C + 16HCl
Single replacement

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15
Q

Define Coefficient

A

Number used to balance an equation, which shows that the number of atoms of each element is the same on each side of the equation.

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16
Q

Define Catalyst

A

Anything that speeds up a chemical reaction without being used up.

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17
Q

Define Mixture

A

When substances are added together but there is no chemical reaction

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18
Q

Define Solution

A

A type of mixture with molecules of both substances

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19
Q

What are some examples of mixtures?

A

Garlic Salt, Salty water, Sugar water, sand, trail mix

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20
Q

In a solution, what does the dissolving?

A

The Solvent

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21
Q

In a solution, what gets dissolved?

A

The Solute

22
Q

Define Solvent

A

The part of the solution that is present in a larger amount

23
Q

Define Solute

A

The part of the solution that is present in a smaller amount

24
Q

Define Soluble

A

A substance that is able to dissolve in a solvent

25
Q

Define Insoluble

A

A substance that is not able to dissolve in a solvent

26
Q

What is the rule that defines if something gets dissolved?

A

Polar dissolves polar

27
Q

Define Polar Molecule

A

A molecule with an unbalanced charge distribution

28
Q

Is water polar?

A

Yes

29
Q

What happens to molecules that are polar when they are put in water and why?

A

They dissolve because water is polar and polar dissolves polar

30
Q

What are some characteristics of an acid?

A

It produces positive hydrogen ions (H+) in water, they have a sour taste, and the ph is less than 7

31
Q

What are some examples of acids?

A

HCl, Most Fruit, Shampoos, Vinegar, Soda

32
Q

What are some characteristics of a base?

A

A Substance that produces hydroxide ions (OH-) in water, They have a bitter taste, and their ph is more than 7

33
Q

What are some examples of bases?

A

NaOH, Soaps, Ammonia, Baking Soda

34
Q

What is a neutral solution?

A

Something that isnʻt an acid or a base

35
Q

Define Neutralization Reaction

A

a chemical reaction in which the same amounts of an acid and base a react together to form a salt and water as products

36
Q

What are the reactants of a neutralization reaction?

A

The same amounts of an acid and a base

37
Q

What is the product of a neutralization reaction?

A

Salt and water

38
Q

Define Antacid

A

Medicine used to neutralize acids

39
Q

What would be considered a base on the ph scale?

A

Anything above seven

40
Q

What would be considered an acid on the ph scale?

A

Anything below seven

41
Q

What would be considered something neutral on the ph scale?

A

7

42
Q

What is an indicator?

A

Spechial chemicals that can determine if a substance is an acid, a base, or niether . Indicators usually react with the acid or the base to form a slightly different chemical with a different color.

43
Q

What are the three acid/base indicators?

A

Litmus paper, Phenolphthalein, and Bromthymol Blue

44
Q

What color does litmus paper turn when it is put in an acid?

A

Red

45
Q

What color does litmus paper turn when it is put in a base?

A

Blue

46
Q

What color does phenolphthalein turn when it is put in an acid?

A

clear

47
Q

What color does phenolphthalein turn when it is put in a base?

A

Pink

48
Q

What color does phenolphthalein turn when it is put in a neutral solution?

A

clear

49
Q

What color does Bromthymol Blue turn when it is put in an acid?

A

yellow

50
Q

What color does Bromthymol Blue turn when it is put in a base?

A

blue

51
Q

What color does Bromthymol Blue turn when it is put in a neutral solution?

A

green

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