Science Test 4 Flashcards
Define Chemical Reactions
When substances react to form new substances
Chemical bonds are Made/Broken
Atoms are rearranged to form something new
3CO2 + 3H2O ——> C3H6O3 + 3O2
In this chemical equation, what do call 3CO2 + 3H2O?
The Reactants
3CO2 + 3H2O ——> C3H6O3 + 3O2
In this chemical equation, what do call C3H6O3 + 3O2?
The Product
3CO2 + 3H2O ——> C3H6O3 + 3O2
In this chemical equation, what do call the arrow?
Yield
Define an endothermic reaction
An endothermic reaction absorbs heat
Define an exothermic reaction
An exothermic reaction releases heat
What are the 4 basic types of chemical reactions?
Synthesis
Decomposition
Single Replacement
Double Replacement
Define Synthesis
When two or more substances combine to form a more complex substance
Define Decomposition
A complex substance (compound) is broken down into two or more simpler substances
Define Single Replacement
Where an element replaces another element in a compound
Define Double Replacement
where compounds react to form two new compounds
Balance this chemical equation and define what reaction is occurring:
_S8 + _O2 –> _SO3
S8 + 12O2 –> 8SO3
Synthesis
Balance this chemical equation and define what reaction is occurring:
_Al + _FeO –> _Al2O3 + _Fe
2Al + 3FeO –> Al2O3 + 3Fe
Single Replacement
Balance this chemical equation and define what reaction is occurring:
_C10H16 + _Cl2 –> _C + _HCl
C10H16 + 8Cl2 –> 10C + 16HCl
Single replacement
Define Coefficient
Number used to balance an equation, which shows that the number of atoms of each element is the same on each side of the equation.
Define Catalyst
Anything that speeds up a chemical reaction without being used up.
Define Mixture
When substances are added together but there is no chemical reaction
Define Solution
A type of mixture with molecules of both substances
What are some examples of mixtures?
Garlic Salt, Salty water, Sugar water, sand, trail mix
In a solution, what does the dissolving?
The Solvent
In a solution, what gets dissolved?
The Solute
Define Solvent
The part of the solution that is present in a larger amount
Define Solute
The part of the solution that is present in a smaller amount
Define Soluble
A substance that is able to dissolve in a solvent
Define Insoluble
A substance that is not able to dissolve in a solvent
What is the rule that defines if something gets dissolved?
Polar dissolves polar
Define Polar Molecule
A molecule with an unbalanced charge distribution
Is water polar?
Yes
What happens to molecules that are polar when they are put in water and why?
They dissolve because water is polar and polar dissolves polar
What are some characteristics of an acid?
It produces positive hydrogen ions (H+) in water, they have a sour taste, and the ph is less than 7
What are some examples of acids?
HCl, Most Fruit, Shampoos, Vinegar, Soda
What are some characteristics of a base?
A Substance that produces hydroxide ions (OH-) in water, They have a bitter taste, and their ph is more than 7
What are some examples of bases?
NaOH, Soaps, Ammonia, Baking Soda
What is a neutral solution?
Something that isnʻt an acid or a base
Define Neutralization Reaction
a chemical reaction in which the same amounts of an acid and base a react together to form a salt and water as products
What are the reactants of a neutralization reaction?
The same amounts of an acid and a base
What is the product of a neutralization reaction?
Salt and water
Define Antacid
Medicine used to neutralize acids
What would be considered a base on the ph scale?
Anything above seven
What would be considered an acid on the ph scale?
Anything below seven
What would be considered something neutral on the ph scale?
7
What is an indicator?
Spechial chemicals that can determine if a substance is an acid, a base, or niether . Indicators usually react with the acid or the base to form a slightly different chemical with a different color.
What are the three acid/base indicators?
Litmus paper, Phenolphthalein, and Bromthymol Blue
What color does litmus paper turn when it is put in an acid?
Red
What color does litmus paper turn when it is put in a base?
Blue
What color does phenolphthalein turn when it is put in an acid?
clear
What color does phenolphthalein turn when it is put in a base?
Pink
What color does phenolphthalein turn when it is put in a neutral solution?
clear
What color does Bromthymol Blue turn when it is put in an acid?
yellow
What color does Bromthymol Blue turn when it is put in a base?
blue
What color does Bromthymol Blue turn when it is put in a neutral solution?
green
