Science Test 3 Flashcards
Define Matter
Matter is anything with a mass and a volume
What are the three states of matter?
Solid, Liquid Gas
What are the characteristics of a solid? (2)
Definite volume and shape / particles “run in place” so it holds it’s shape.
What are the characteristics of a liquid? (2)
Definite volume but no definite shape / particles move over and around each other freely, allowing the liquid to flow
What are the characteristics of a gas? (2)
No definite volume or shape / Particles move freely around and are not held close together
What is the kinetic theory of matter?
The Atoms/ Molecules that make up matter are in constant motion.
What determines the state of matter?
Temperature
Define thermal expansion
Matter extends as it gets hotter, and it contracts when it is cooled
What is an atom?
An atom is the particles that make up matter
What is an element?
Matter made up of only one kind of atom
What is a compound?
Matter made up of more then 1 kind of atom chemically combined or 2 or more elements chemically combined
Is Co an element or a compound and why
It is an element because there is only one capital letter
Is CO an element or a compound and why
It is a compound because there is more than one capital letter
Is H an element or a compound and why
It is an element because there is only one capital letter
What kind of charge does a proton give
postive charge
What kind of charge does a neutron give
neutral charge
What kind of charge does a electron give
negative charge
where are the protons located on an atom
nucleus
where are the neutrons located on an atom?
nucleus
where are the electrons located on an atom?
electron cloud
What is the unit for protons, neutrons, and electrons?
Amu (atomic mass unit)
What are the masses of proton, neutrons, and electrons?
P = 1 amu
N = 1 amu
E = 1/2000 amu
What is an atomic number?
an atomic number is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
What is the atomic mass?
the atomic mass is the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus
What are valence electrons?
Valence electrons are the electrons on the outermost energy level of an atom
The number of electrons equals the number of
protons
Where is most of the mass in an atom located?
in the nucleus
How many electrons can the first energy level hold?
2 electrons
How many electrons can the second energy level hold?
8 electrons
What is an isotope?
an isotope is different forms of an element. (Same number of protons but different number of neutrons)
Draw a neon atom if the atomic number is 10, the atomic mass number is 20, it is in the second row on the periodic table, and it has eight valence electrons
https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1WuvZm_-TSH6EIwSkrQNVtOtRkdzMFico0WG60g5QY8o/edit#slide=id.p
https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1Qjajw6yYhwN5MQXtF0xC6LZJeAyyvnyvUJY5ik83joQ/edit#slide=id.p
What does the dot diagram look like for silver if the symbol is Ag and the amount of valence electrons is 1
https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1sYJQPjd7JjGmYgqqJM8j9jKPfXQ-C-R5lVmKPy2lBx0/edit#slide=id.p
https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/10DmPqVNHIqZOvB5Ms2Spqaix85-9ah36HVB2SrgEpFc/edit#slide=id.p
https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1A257Frm73CR-T5sX5mLE7bRhoMkTrsIrtmmW82s5nwQ/edit?usp=sharing
https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1YD5GrpG6kUzTmFx0E0Kr8_0AGv9nI5q5ccGFckQZ7vo/edit?usp=sharing
Define chemical formula
A chemical formula shows the kinds and proportions of atoms in a compound
Define molecule
A molecule is made of two or more atoms bonded together
Why do atoms bond?
to become stable
When are atoms stable?
when they have eight valence electrons (two for hydrogen and helium)
How many atom of each element are in this chemical formula?
C6H12O6
6 C atoms, 12 H atoms, and 6 O atoms
Simplify this chemical formula and state haw many atoms of each element are present
Ch3ChOHOOH
Ch4O3H2
4 Ch atoms, 3 O atoms, 2 H atoms
What is an ionic bond?
an Ionic bond is when metals give electrons to nonmetals (shifting electrons) to become stable
If an atom loses electrons what is its charge now?
Its charge now is positive
If an atom gains electrons what is its charge now?
Its charge now is negative
What is a positvie Ion?
A positive ion is a metal/atom that loses electrons to become stable
What is a negative Ion?
A negative ion is a non-metal/atom that gains electrons to become stable
What is a covalent bond?
A covalent bond is when non-metals share electrons with non-metals to become stable
Valence Electrons = 5
1) Would this lose or gain electrons?
2) How many would it lose/gain?
1) gain
2) 3+
Valence Electrons = 2
1) Would this lose or gain electrons?
2) How many would it lose/gain?
1) lose
2) 2-
(He+) + (K-) =
HeK
(Cl1+) + (Al3-) =
Cl3Al1
(C4+) + (Sn4-) =
CSn
