Science Test Flashcards
CONQUER ALLLLLLLL!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
1
Q
Organism:
A
any living thing found in an environment. E.g. plants, animals.
2
Q
Micro Organism:
A
An Organism that can only be seen by
3
Q
Species:
A
Organisms that are similar to one another that can mate and reproduce more of the same type of the same kind.
4
Q
Community:
A
all different members from different species that live in one area.
5
Q
Abiotic element:
A
Non-living things that live in an environment.
6
Q
Biotic element:
A
Living things that live in an environment.
7
Q
Population:
A
All members of a species that live in one area.
8
Q
Ecosystem:
A
The interaction between Abiotic and Biotic parts of an environment
9
Q
Ecology:
A
The study of living and non-living thing’s relationship
10
Q
Habitat:
A
a physical space where an organism lives to have access to its basic needs
11
Q
Nutrient:
A
A Nutrient is a substance that an organism needs to live, grow, and thrive. ( Protein, Fats, sugars,etc)
12
Q
Competition:
A
occurs when more than one organism tries to get hold of the same resources.
13
Q
Predator:
A
An organism that hunts other organisms for food
14
Q
Prey:
A
An Organism that is being hunted by the predator.
15
Q
Mutualism:
A
An interaction between different individuals of a species that benefits both individuals.
16
Q
Photosynthesis:
A
When a producer (Plant) Makes their own food.
17
Q
Producer:
A
something that makes its own food.
18
Q
Consumer:
A
an organism that eats other organisms for their energy.
19
Q
Herbivore:
Carnivore:
Scavenger:
Omnivore:
A
an organism that only eats plants.
an organism That only eats meat.
organisms that eat dead animals. E.g. crow, raven
an organism that eats both meat and plants.
20
Q
Detrivore:
A
an organism that obtains nutrients by consuming decaying plants, animals, and waste
21
Q
Decomposer:
A
an organism that will consume whatever is left over from the detrivores and consumers.
22
Q
Food chain:
Food web:
A
a chain that shows how energy flows from one organism to another in an ecosystem.
a model that shows connections between many food chains in an ecosystem.
23
Q
Pyramid of numbers:
Closed system:
Cycle:
A
the total number of animals at each level of a food chain or web.
when no matter can enter or leave.
a repeating pattern that continues over and over again.
24
Q
Sustainable:
Evaporation:
Condensation:
Precipitation:
A
for something to be healthy, maintained and balanced indefinitely.
the change of state when a substance turns from liquid to gas.
the change of state from a gas to a liquid.
rain or snow that falls down to earth.
25
Succession:
Primary Succession:
Secondary Succession:
Biodiversity:
Is the predictable and orderly change over time in the types of organisms in an ecosystem
Happens in areas where there has never been any life.
Is the slow change in species in a community after a community is disturbed.
the variety of plants and animal life in an ecosystem.
26
Endangered species:
Extinction:
Invasive species:
Native species:
Stewardship:
a species that is at risk of extinction due to an environmental threat or reduction in numbers.
the complete disappearance of a species anywhere on earth.
a Species that was accidentally or purposely introduced into an area which it never existed in before. They aggressively reproduce and replace original or native species.
a species that is natural to the area.
A person that carefully manages a resource by taking responsibility for their actions and also educating others.
27
Essential Abiotic ingredients in an ecosystem
Water, soil, Sun, air, nutrients, temperatures
28
Difference between habitat and ecosystem
A habitat is the physical living space of an organism, and a ecosystem is the interaction between abiotic and biotic parts.
29
two reasons why soil, sun, water, air are important
Sunlight is important to life because plants use sunlight energy to make food; it also provides all life with a source of warmth. Soil is important to life because it contains nutrients that plants need to survive and grow; it also serves as a habitat for organisms such as earthworms and decomposers. Water is important to life because it is part of all living cells. It helps animals digest food and replenish their bodily fluids; it also contains dissolved oxygen that aquatic animals need. Air is important to life because it contains oxygen that animals need; it also contains carbon dioxide that plants use to produce sugars.
30
What role does temperatures play in an ecosystem
Temperature is one of the main factors that determine which organisms can live in a particular environment. If it is very hot or very cold, only a few highly specialized organisms can survive. If the temperature range is more moderate, a wide variety of organisms can flourish.
31
Select a natural habitat in your area: give two examples of an interaction between two living things, and a living and non-living thing, three differences between producers and consumers, and lastly an example of a producer and consumer.
5. Sample answer: (a) In the stream near my home, some fish eat insects to gain nutrients they need to survive. (b) In the stream, fish take in oxygen from the water.
6. Sample answer: (a) An apple tree is a producer. The humans who eat the tree’s apples are consumers. (b) Producers make their own food using abiotic elements in their environment; consumers get their food by eating other organisms. Producers take in carbon dioxide from the air and release oxygen; consumers take in oxygen and release carbon dioxide. Producers are the first link in a food chain; consumers are not the first links in a food chain.
32
two factors that limit populations in an ecosystem
The amount of sunlight that an area receives limits the number of plants that can grow. Similarly, the number of plants in an area limits the number of consumers, since there is a limited supply of food for the herbivores, which in turn limits the number of carnivores that prey on the herbivores.
33
How decomposers recycle ingredients
Decomposers such as bacteria break down organic matter from dead plants and animals releasing nutrients such as minerals, nitrates, and phosphates into the soil, making them available for living plants to take in.
34
describe water and carbon cycle
Sample answer: The water cycle and carbon cycle both move matter in different forms back and forth between Earth’s atmosphere, soil, water bodies, and living things. The water and carbon cycles interact at photosynthesis as plants use water and carbon dioxide to produce their food. In the carbon cycle, plants take in carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. They release carbon dioxide back into the atmosphere directly when they decompose and indirectly when they are eaten by animals; animals release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere when they decompose and also when they exhale. Some decomposing plants and animals are buried underground and over long periods of time become fossil fuels that humans burn to produce energy; burning fossil fuels releases carbon dioxide back into the atmosphere. In the water cycle, the Sun causes water to evaporate from water bodies. The resulting water vapour travels into the atmosphere, where it cools and condenses into clouds and eventually falls back to Earth as precipitation. Some of the precipitation travels by surface runoff from the land to water bodies, where it evaporates once more. Some water seeps underground, where it is stored as groundwater until it gradually seeps back into the ocean.
35
how did the energy u consumed from a hamburger come from the sun
11. A hamburger contains beef from cattle, bread from wheat, tomato slices, and lettuce leaves. The energy that is in a cow’s body comes from its food (grass). The energy in the grass comes from the Sun. The grass uses sunlight energy to combine water and carbon dioxide to produce their own food in the form of sugars. Similarly, all the energy to grow the wheat, lettuce, and tomatoes also came from the Sun.
36
How do plants play a key role in our environment
12. Plants are responsible for converting the energy from sunlight into the energy stored in sugars. The plants are eaten by primary consumers. The primary consumers are then eaten by secondary and tertiary consumers, and in this way energy is passed from the Sun throughout the ecosystem. Plants also remove carbon dioxide from the air and release oxygen, which animals need to survive. phytoplankton shrimp fish human Producer Primary consumer Secondary consumer Tertiary consumer
37
how are predator-prey relationships healthy
13. Sample answer: An ecosystem can sustain only a certain number of organisms. For example, if there were too few foxes in a forest, the rabbit population would grow quickly. There would not be enough plants for all the rabbits, and many would starve. Similarly, if there were many predators, the foxes would starve from lack of prey. In a healthy ecosystem, predators and prey animals serve as checks on each other’s population.
38
how is the earth a closed ecosystem?
14. In a closed system, the amount of matter remains the same over time. On Earth, for example, the number of atoms of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and the other elements has neither increased nor decreased (with the exception of meteorites bringing some new matter to Earth from space). Matter is simply recycled.
39
How does energy flow, and what if a spot in the energy flowing system is eliminated?
15. Sample answer: In the food chain I made for question 7, energy flows from the Sun to the phytoplankton, which use sunlight energy to make sugars. Then, energy flows to the shrimp that eat the phytoplankton, to the fish that eat the shrimp, and to the humans who eat the fish; however, each link in the food chain receives less energy than the previous link received. If any step in the chain were removed, the organisms higher in the chain would lose a source of food. If they do not have another source of food, they would starve. The next lowest organisms in the chain would probably increase in population with the removal of the consumer immediately above them.
40
How do matter cycles promote sustainability in ecosystems?
16. Sample answer: Sustainability is the extent to which an ecosystem can be maintained simply by recycling the matter that is already a part of it without having to replenish that matter from an outside source. In a healthy savannah ecosystem, the plant matter serves as food for antelopes and other herbivores. When the herbivores are eaten by cheetahs and other carnivores, their carcasses (and, later, the carcasses of the predator animals) decompose and return to the soil, where matter (nutrients) is taken up by the plants. The ecosystem thereby sustains itself indefinitely.
41
What would happen if earth worms disappeared?
Without detrivores such as earthworms, dead plants and other matter would not be broken down into smaller pieces. The dead matter would pile up, taking up space needed by living organisms, and the nutrients in the dead matter would not be released back into the soil. Without fresh supplies of nutrients, living plants would soon die, affecting most food chains.
42
what would happen if a whole block of building were demolished and the rubble was removed
20. Sample answer: (a) The wind will blow seeds from neighbouring areas into the bare soil. As the seeds grow into mature plants, the soil will grow richer and more able to sustain more life. Small herbivores will move into the area, followed by small carnivores. Eventually, the soil will allow larger plants, including trees, to grow, which may crowd out the original species. Larger predator and prey animals will return to the ecosystem. (b) This is an example of secondary succession, because the land has supported life in the past. The ecosystem is simply transitioning to support new kinds of life.
43
How can traditional knowledge help conserve and preserve habitats
22. Sample answer: Because Traditional Knowledge includes the practices of people who have lived sustainable lifestyles for many generations, it can teach us strategies for conserving resources and preserving the environment. Technology can then be used to transmit this knowledge to large numbers of people. Traditional Knowledge can also be implemented into technology, producing machines and practices that are less disruptive to the ecosystems in which they are used.
44
What are some human activities that affect ecosystems?
23. Sample answer: Clear-cutting a forest removes the habitat of every organism that makes its home in a tree. These organisms may die or move to neighbouring ecosystems, upsetting the balance there. Removing trees removes a major source of nutrients from the soil, as there are no more dead leaves decomposing on the ground,and exposes low-level, shade-loving vegetation to much more sunlight and heat. Without tree roots holding the soil in place, erosion could occur, removing even more nutrients from the ecosystem. Eventually new species would colonize the clear-cut and, over time, secondary succession would replace the clear-cut forest with a new forest
45
What is an invasive species?
An invasive species is a species that has been newly introduced into an area, and aggressively reproduces, as well as replacing native species.
46
How do invasive species get transported to a new ecosystem?
They can be transported by many different ways:
Shoes
Vehicles ( Plane, Car,etc)
Shipping
Purposely to help control another species
47
Why are they disruptive to an ecosystem?
They can replace other species, and aggresively reproduce, overconsume needed food for other species
48
What is a native species?
A native species is a species natural to an area
49
What is an example for both?
Native: Blue Cardinal Flower
Invasive: Emerald Ash Borer
