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9th Grade Studying > Science Summative > Flashcards

Science Summative Flashcards

1
Q

What is the force called when Mass is attracted to Mass?

A

Gravity

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2
Q

Which element was first found on earth?

A

Hydrogen

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3
Q

Identify the force that attracts protons and neutrons together

A

Strong nuclear force

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4
Q

An attraction between hydrogen atoms. Causes nuclear fusion between hydrogen atoms, it is the reason the sun burns.

A

Weak force

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5
Q

The force between the protons and neutrons of the nucleus of atoms. It holds the nucleus together.

A

Strong force

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6
Q

Describe what happens to light waves as they move towards you.

A

As light waves move towards you, they compress and shift to shorter wavelengths, making the light appear bluer.

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7
Q

Protons and electrons are evened out

A

Atomic number

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8
Q

Smaller number on a periodic table element

A

Atomic number (Z)

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9
Q

Weak force

A

An attraction between hydrogen atoms. Causes nuclear fusion between hydrogen atoms, it is the reason the sun burns.

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10
Q

Desribe the big bang

A
  • explains how the universe began about 13.8 billion years ago
  • started as a tiny, incredibly hot and dense point
  • suddenly expanded
  • not a regular explosion
  • space got stretched
  • the universe cooled down
  • formed basic particles
  • later combined into atoms
  • these atoms clumped together because of gravity and formed stars, galaxies and planets
  • the universe is still expanding
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11
Q

Strong force

A

The force between the protons and neutrons of the nucleus of atoms. It holds the nucleus together.

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12
Q

Heat energy

A

Heat energy is the result of the movement of tiny particles called atoms, molecules or ions in solids, liquids and gases.

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13
Q

How do you find neutrons on a periodic table element?

A

Neutrons = mass - atomic

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14
Q

Chemical Potential Energy

A

energy that can be released through a chemical reaction

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15
Q

Electromagnetism

A

Attraction between charged particles (e.g.protons & electrons). It is the force that holds atoms together.

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16
Q

Bigger number on a periodic table element

A

Mass number (A)

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17
Q

Gravitational potential energy

A

It represents the potential an object has to do work as a result of being located at a particular position in a gravitational field.

U = mgh

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18
Q

Kinetic energy

A

the energy an object has because of its motion

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19
Q

Identify the four forces of the Universe

A
  1. Gravitational force
  2. Strong nuclear force
  3. Weak nuclear force
  4. Electromagnetic force
20
Q

Doppler effect

A

The Doppler effect is the change in frequency or pitch of a sound or light wave as the source moves toward or away from the observer.

21
Q

Be able to draw a clear diagram of the Doppler Effect

A

draw circles around the object and smaller closer ones the direction its moving towards to

if object is at rest, draw normal circles around it.

rest: shorter wavelegths
moving: larger wavelengths

leaving object: shorter, red wavelenghts
approaching object: longer, bluer wavelenghts.

22
Q

Know which color of light has the longest wavelength, and know which color has the shortest.

A

Light with longest wavelength is red
Light with shortes wavelength is violet

23
Q

Identify the two simplest elements and describe their subatomic particles

A

Hydrogen (H)
- 1 proton and 1 neutron
- 0 neutrons
Helium (He)
- 2 protons and 2 electrons
- 2 neutrons

24
Q

Explain the meaning of E=mc2

A

energy (E) is equal to mass (m) multiplied by the speed of light (c) squared, showing that a small amount of mass can be converted into a large amount of energy.

25
Q

Summarize the Law of Conservation of Energy
Describe with examples energy transfers and transformations

A

the law of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another.
1. Energy Transformation
flashlight, electrical energy from batteries transforms into light and heat energy.

Energy Transfer
Sliding down a slide, gravitational potential energy is transferred into kinetic energy (movement). as you speed down the slide it defonstrates the energy transfer

26
Q

Put the following events in the correct order:

A
  1. Formation of mass
  2. Formation of our solar system
  3. Formation of earth
  4. The first life on Earth
  5. Dinosaurs went extinct
  6. Humans first walk the earth.
27
Q

Components of an atom

A

in the neucleus there are protons and neutrons surrounded by electrons

28
Q

identify and describe the two forces that resulted in the formation of the hydrogen atom.

A

the electromagnetic force and strong nuclear force
- These forces allow the electron to orbit the proton, creating a stable hydrogen atom.

29
Q

Red Shift

A

when light from distant objects appears redder because they are moving away from us, stretching the light waves.

30
Q

Gravity

A

Mass is attracted to Mass

31
Q

Define matter and describe the basic unit of matter

A

Matter: anything that has mass and takes space

Basic unit of matter is an atom

32
Q

Attraction between charged particles (e.g.protons & electrons). It is the force that holds atoms together.

A

Electromagnetism

33
Q

Describe how the Red Shift observed of stars and galaxies provide evidence that supports the Big Bang/ expansion Theory.

A

The Red Shift shows that stars and galaxies are moving away from us, which supports the Big Bang Theory by indicating that the universe is expanding from an initial hot, dense state.

34
Q

Explain how mass was formed after the big bang.

A

After the Big Bang, mass formed as particles like protons and neutrons combined to create atoms, which then clumped together to form matter.

35
Q

Be able to draw a hydrogen atom and label its following components:

A

1 proton
1 neutron
0 neutrons

36
Q

Supernova

A

A supernova is a powerful explosion of a star that occurs when it runs out of fuel and collapses, releasing an enormous amount of energy and light.

37
Q

Describe what happens to light waves as they move away from you.

A

As light waves move away from you, they stretch and shift to longer wavelengths, making the light appear redder.

38
Q

describe
how the Doppler Effect of light waves emitted by stars and galaxies provides scientific support/ evidence for the expansion of the Universe via the Big Bang.

A

The Doppler Effect shows that light from distant galaxies shifts to redder wavelengths as they move away, proving that the universe is expanding from the Big Bang.

39
Q

Describe how the Red Shift observed of stars and galaxies provide evidence that supports the Big Bang/ expansion Theory.

A
  • The redshift of stars and galaxies shows that they are moving away from us, which means the universe is expanding
  • This expansion supports the Big Bang Theory, which says the universe started from a tiny point and has been growing ever since
40
Q

Know which color of light has the longest wavelength, and know which color has the shortest.

A

Longest wavelength of visible light: Red light
Shortest wavelenght of visible light: Violet light

41
Q

Describe what happens to light waves as they move towards you.

A

-As light waves move towards you, they get compressed
-Their wavelenght gets shorter
-This shift makes the light appear bluer
- Called blue shift
- Shorter wavelengths correspond to the blue end of the visible spectrum

42
Q

Describe what happens to light waves as they move away from you.

A
  • As light waves move away from you, they get stretched
  • Lengthens their wavelength
  • This makes the light appear redder (called red shift)
  • Longer wavelengths correspond to the red end of the visible spectrum
43
Q

Be able to draw a clear diagram of the Doppler Effect

A

The closer the waves are, the higher the frequency (higher pitch) the more blue they are and the further they are the more red and less frequent (lower frequency) they are.

44
Q

Summarize the Law of Conservation of Energy

A

Energy cannot be created or destroyed; it can only change forms by transformation or transfer

45
Q

Describe with examples energy transfers and transformations

A

Wind carries kinetic energy as it moves. When the wind blows, it transfers its kinetic energy to the blades of a wind turbine, causing them to spin.

In photosynthesis, plants transform solar energy from sunlight into chemical energy stored in glucose (sugar) as they convert carbon dioxide and water.

46
Q

Be able to describe how the Doppler Effect of light waves emitted by stars and galaxies provides scientific support/ evidence for the expansion of the Universe via the Big
Bang

A

The Doppler Effect causes light from galaxies moving away from Earth to shift to red, indicating they are receeding, and supports Hubble’s Law, which connects speed and distance, providing evidence for the Big Bang theory of the universe’s expansion.

47
Q

How was mass formed/created?

A
  • Higgs Mechanism: Fundamental particles gain mass by interacting with the Higgs field, with stronger interactions giving more mass (e.g., Higgs boson).
  • Energy-Mass Relationship: Mass is a form of energy, as described by Einstein’s (E = mc^2), and it curves spacetime, creating gravity.
  • Early Universe Formation: After the Big Bang, particles like quarks formed protons and neutrons, and gravitational forces later shaped massive objects like stars and galaxies.

9th Grade Studying (6 decks)

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