Science formative review

Question 1

Mass is attracted to Mass

Answer 1

Gravity

Question 2

which element was first found on earth?

Answer 2

Hydrogen

Question 3

Identify the force that attracts protons and neutrons together

Answer 3

strong nuclear force

Question 4

An attraction between hydrogen atoms. Causes nuclear fusion between hydrogen atoms, it is the reason the sun burns.

Answer 4

Weak force

Question 5

The force between the protons and neutrons of the nucleus of atoms. It holds the nucleus together.

Answer 5

Strong force

Question 6

Describe what happens to light waves as they move towards you.

Answer 6

As light waves move towards you, they compress and shift to shorter wavelengths, making the light appear bluer.

Question 7

Protons and electrons are evened out

Answer 7

Atomic number

Question 8

Smaller number on a periodic table element

Answer 8

Atomic number (Z)

Question 9

Weak force

Answer 9

An attraction between hydrogen atoms. Causes nuclear fusion between hydrogen atoms, it is the reason the sun burns.

Question 10

Describe the big bang

Answer 10

• explains how the universe began about 13.8 billion years ago
• started as a tiny, incredibly hot and dense point
• suddenly expanded
• not a regular explosion
• space got stretched
• the universe cooled down
• formed basic particles
• later combined into atoms
• these atoms clumped together because of gravity and formed stars, galaxies and planets
• the universe is still expanding

Question 11

Strong force

Answer 11

The force between the protons and neutrons of the nucleus of atoms. It holds the nucleus together.

Question 12

heat energy

Answer 12

Heat energy is the result of the movement of tiny particles called atoms, molecules or ions in solids, liquids and gases.

Question 13

How do you find neutrons on a periodic table element?

Answer 13

Neutrons = mass - atomic

Question 14

Chemical Potential Energy

Answer 14

energy that can be released through a chemical reaction

Question 15

Electromagnetism

Answer 15

Attraction between charged particles (e.g.protons & electrons). It is the force that holds atoms together.

Question 16

Bigger number on a periodic table element

Answer 16

Mass number (A)

Question 17

Gravitational Potential Energy

Answer 17

It represents the potential an object has to do work as a result of being located at a particular position in a gravitational field.

U = mgh

Question 18

Kinetic Energy

Answer 18

the energy an object has because of its motion

Question 19

Identify the four forces of the Universe

Answer 19

1. Gravitational force
2. Strong nuclear force
3. Weak nuclear force
4. Electromagnetic force

Question 20

Doppler Effect

Answer 20

The Doppler effect is the change in frequency or pitch of a sound or light wave as the source moves toward or away from the observer.

Question 21

Be able to draw a clear diagram of the Doppler Effect

Answer 21

draw circles around the object and smaller closer ones the direction its moving towards to

if object is at rest, draw normal circles around it.

rest: shorter wavelegths
moving: larger wavelengths

leaving object: shorter, red wavelenghts
approaching object: longer, bluer wavelenghts.

Question 22

Know which color of light has the longest wavelength, and know which color has the shortest.

Answer 22

Light with longest wavelength is red
Light with shortes wavelength is violet

Question 23

Identify the two simplest elements and describe their subatomic particles

Answer 23

1. Hydrogen (H)
   - 1 proton and 1 neutron
   - 0 neutrons
2. Helium (He)
   - 2 protons and 2 electrons
   - 2 neutrons

Question 24

Explain the meaning of E=mc2

Answer 24

energy (E) is equal to mass (m) multiplied by the speed of light (c) squared, showing that a small amount of mass can be converted into a large amount of energy.

Question 25

Summarize the Law of Conservation of Energy
Describe with examples energy transfers and transformations

Answer 25

the law of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another.
1. Energy Transformation
flashlight, electrical energy from batteries transforms into light and heat energy.

2. Energy Transfer
   Sliding down a slide, gravitational potential energy is transferred into kinetic energy (movement). as you speed down the slide it defonstrates the energy transfer.

Question 26

Put the following events in the correct order:

Answer 26

1. Formation of mass
2. Formation of our solar system
3. Formation of earth
4. The first life on Earth
5. Dinosaurs went extinct
6. Humans first walk the earth.

Question 27

know the components of an atom

Answer 27

in the neucleus there are protons and neutrons surrounded by electrons

Question 28

identify and describe the two forces that resulted in the formation of the
hydrogen atom.

Answer 28

the electromagnetic force and strong nuclear force
- These forces allow the electron to orbit the proton, creating a stable hydrogen atom.

Question 29

Red Shift

Answer 29

when light from distant objects appears redder because they are moving away from us, stretching the light waves.

Question 30

Gravity

Answer 30

Mass is attracted to Mass

Question 31

Define matter and describe the basic unit of matter

Answer 31

Matter: anything that has mass and takes space

Basic unit of matter is an atom

Question 32

Attraction between charged particles (e.g.protons & electrons). It is the force that holds atoms together.

Answer 32

Electromagnetism

Question 33

Describe how the Red Shift observed of stars and galaxies provide evidence that supports the Big Bang/ expansion Theory.

Answer 33

The Red Shift shows that stars and galaxies are moving away from us, which supports the Big Bang Theory by indicating that the universe is expanding from an initial hot, dense state.

Question 34

Explain how mass was formed after the big bang.

Answer 34

After the Big Bang, mass formed as particles like protons and neutrons combined to create atoms, which then clumped together to form matter.

Question 35

Be able to draw a hydrogen atom and label its following components:

Answer 35

1 proton
1 neutron
0 neutrons

Question 36

Supernova

Answer 36

A supernova is a powerful explosion of a star that occurs when it runs out of fuel and collapses, releasing an enormous amount of energy and light.

Question 37

Describe what happens to light waves as they move away from you.

Answer 37

As light waves move away from you, they stretch and shift to longer wavelengths, making the light appear redder.

Question 38

describe
how the Doppler Effect of light waves emitted by stars and galaxies provides scientific support/ evidence for the expansion of the Universe via the Big Bang.

Answer 38

The Doppler Effect shows that light from distant galaxies shifts to redder wavelengths as they move away, proving that the universe is expanding from the Big Bang.