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Science rock cycle Flashcards

1
Q

The solid, outer layer of the earth that consists of the crust and the rigid upper part of the mantle; made up of tectonic plates.

A

Lithosphere

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2
Q

The layer of hot, solid material between Earth’s crust and core.

A

Mantle

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3
Q

The soft layer of the mantle on which the tectonic plates move.

A

Asthenosphere

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4
Q

The soft layer of the mantle on which the tectonic plates move.

A

Outer core

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5
Q

A dense sphere of solid iron and nickel at the center of Earth.

A

Inner core

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6
Q

Sections of the Earth’s crust that move due to convection currents.

A

Tectonic Plates

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7
Q

The solid, outer layer of the earth that consists of the crust and the rigid upper part of the mantle; made up of tectonic plates.

A

Lithosphere

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8
Q

How many eras has the earth had?

A

10 eras

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9
Q

What is the ring of fire and where is it located?

A

It’s located in the pacific ocean and it’s the most active region of tectonic plates; tsunamis, volcanoes, earthquakes, etc.

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10
Q

Plate Tectonics

A

The theory that Earth’s lithosphere is in constant motion, driven by convection currents in the mantle

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11
Q

Convection

A

The flow that transfers heat within a fluid

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12
Q

Convergent Boundary

A

Subduction: One plate goes under another

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13
Q

Oceanic crust

A
  • more dense
  • made of mostly basalt
  • 5 to 10 km thick
  • younger and newer
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14
Q

Continental crust

A
  • Less dense
  • Made of only granite
  • 30 to 50 km thick
  • older
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15
Q

What do oceanic and continental crust have in common?

A
  • types of crust
  • made of rock
  • solid
  • make up tectonic plates
  • part of lithosphere
  • moving
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16
Q

Whats the difference between a rock and a mineral?

A

A mineral is a naturally occurring substance with distinctive chemical and physical properties, composition and atomic structure. Rocks are generally made up of two of more minerals, mixed up through geological processes.

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17
Q

Rocks 1

A

Rocks are the solide substance which may have a combination of more than one mineral

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18
Q

Rocks 2

A

Rocks do nothave a definite chemical composition. Rocks are mainly classified as igenous sedimentary and metamorphic rocks.

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19
Q

Rocks 3

A

Marble, slate andlimestone are some kinds of rocks.

20
Q

Minerals 1

A

These are inorganic substances that occur naturally.

21
Q

Minerals 2

A

Minerals have a definite chemical composition. Minerals are mainly classified into four groups namely silicates, carbonates, sulphides and metallic minerals

22
Q

Mienrals 3

A

Iron, aluminium, and alcium are some examples of minerals.

23
Q

This force holds earth together as a sphere.

A

Gravity

24
Q

The compositional layer between the crust and the core.

A

Mantle

25
Q

This element and aluminium make up most of earths crust because they are relatively light.

A

Silicone

26
Q

The outermost of earths physical layers.

A

Lithosphere

27
Q

Rocks found deep inside earth are heavier or more __ than rocks near the surface.

A

Dense

28
Q

there are two types of crust. continental and __

A

oceanic

29
Q

the compositional layer that is under heat pressure and is very hot.

A

core

30
Q

convection currecnts flow very slowly in this physical layer.

A

mesosphere

31
Q

partially melted layer found undrr the lithosphere on which continents float.

A

asthenosphere

32
Q

the outermost of earth compositional layers.

A

crust

33
Q

this physical layer is at earths center and is solid, hot, and made of iron and nickel

A

inner core

34
Q

this physical layer is made of liquid metal

A

outer core

35
Q
  • earth’s thinnest layer
  • includes earth’s crust
  • divided into tectonic plates
A

lithosphere

36
Q

behaves like a fluid

A

asthenosphere

37
Q
  • includes earth’s mantle
  • moved by convectuon currents
A

lithosphere and asthenosphere

38
Q

Identify the three types of tectonic plate boundaries

A

Divergent, convergent, and transform plate boundaries.

39
Q

compare and contrast oceanic and continental crust

A
  • Oceanic crust greater density
  • Oceanic lower buoyancy
  • oceanic crust is composed of basalt
  • continental of granite
  • Continental crust is also thicker and older than oceanic
40
Q

Explain how metamorphic, sedimentary, and igneous rock form (respectively)

A

Igneous rocks are formed from melted rock deep inside the Earth. Sedimentary rocks are formed from layers of sand, silt, dead plants, and animal skeletons. Metamorphic rocks formed from other rocks that are changed by heat and pressure underground.

41
Q

what happens to magma in the rock cycle?

A
  1. a metamorphic rock melts into magma
  2. an igneous rock melts into magma
  3. magma cools down into an igneous rock
42
Q

what happens to sediment in the rock cycle?

A
  1. wih weathering and erosion any rock is able to turn into sediment
  2. sediment turns into a sedimentary rock by compaction and cementation
43
Q

what happens to an igenous rock in the rock cycle?

A
  1. magma cools and turns into an igneous rock
  2. an igneous rock melts and turns into magma
  3. weathering and erosion causes it to be sediment
  4. with heat and pressure an igneous rock can turn into metamorphic
44
Q

what happens to metamorphic rock in the rock cycle?

A
  1. the metamorphic rock melts into magma
  2. weathering and erosion causes it to become sediment
  3. any rock can turn into metamorphic by heat and pressure
45
Q

what happens to sedimentary rocks in the rock cycle?

A
  1. weathering and erosion causes it to be sediment
  2. compaction and cementation causes sediment to turn into a sedimentary rock
  3. heat and pressure turns a sedimentary rock into metamorphic

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