Science Revision 2 Flashcards
What are the 7 food groups
Carbohydrates, lipids/fats, proteins, minerals, vitamins, water, fibre
What are carbohydrates
Pasta, bread, rice, potatoes (they are the main source of energy)
What are lipids (aka fats)
Oil, butter, margarine (give you energy)
What are proteins
Meat, fish, eggs, milk (help with growth and rebuild cells)
What are vitamins
Fruit, veg, cheese (keep the body healthy and keep it working and concentration)
What are minerals
Whole grain, fresh fruit, veg (help body to work and decision making)
What is water
Water (keeps you hydrated) 70% of our cells are water
What is fibre
Beans, brown rice, fruit (helps to keep things moving through the gut)
How do you test for starch
Add a few drops of iodine, if it turns blue-black it contains starch
How do you test for lipids
Add a few drops of Ethanol, shake it leave for 1 min, if its cloudy the food has lipids
How do you test for sugar
Add a few drops of benedicts, heat it in hot water bath, if it turns orange - red it has sugar
How do you test for protein
Add a few drops of copper and sodium hyrdoxide solution, if it turns purple it has protein
What is a balanced diet
Its when you have the right proportions of the food groups to keep you healthy
What happens if your diet is unbalanced
- Be underweight
- Be overweight
- Vitamin and mineral deficient
To be underweight increases the risk of what
Poor immune system, lack of energy, lack of vitamins and minerals
To be overweight increases the risk of what
Heart disease, strokes, diabetes, some cancers
What does it mean to be Vitamin and Mineral deficient
To be deficient in vitamin A can lead to night blindness, to be deficient in Vitamin D can lead to rickets
What are Enzymes
Enzymes are special proteins that can break large molocules of nutrients into small molocules
Enzymes are known as what
As biological catalysts (they speed up digestion without being used up)
What are the three main types of enzymes in digestion
Carbohydrase (sugars), protease, lipids
What are drugs
Chemicals that effect the way your brain and body work.
There are two types of drugs medical and recreational
What do you know about medical drugs
They are used to cure illnesses, some have side effects, examples: pain killers, antibiotics, cough mixture
What do you know about recreational drugs
Many are illegal and can be harmful, taken for enjoyment or to relax or stay awake, normally they have no health benefits, examples: alcanol, cannabis, heroine
Drinking larges amount of alcahol over a long time can cause what
Heart disease, stomach ulcers, brain damage, liver disease
