science revision Flashcards
Can you have Diffusion in a solid
No as the particles in a solid are to tightly packed together and they vibrate
Can you have Diffusion in a liquid or a gas
Yes as the particles are spread out more and unorganized enabling high concentrations of one particle to move freely in to lower concentrations
What is Diffusion
In liquids and gases, particles spread out from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. This is how smells spread out through the air and liquids spread out when placed in water
Explain the process of Filtration
Separates insoluble solid from a liquid. Solid particles in a liquid are removed by the use of a filter (filter paper) that allows the liquid to pass through but retains the solid particles. An example would be sand from water
How does temperature effect Diffusion
The hotter the temperature the more kinetic energy the particles have causing them to move faster and collide more often. This allows them to spread out more quickly, increasing the rate of Diffusion.
What process would you use to separate salt from water if you just wanted the salt
evaporation
What process would you use to separate salt from water if you just wanted the water
Distillation using evaporation and then condensation. It can separate liquids with different boiling points
What is the process of Chromatography
Its a process of separating components of a mixture. Paper Chromatography is a method for separating dissolved substances from one another such as ink on a paper using water
What is the separation method using Magnetism
Separates magnetic material from non-magnetic
What is a mixture
Two or more substances mixed together but not chemically bonded. An example is saltwater or sand and water
What is a Solute
A substance that dissolves in a solvent to form a solution
What is a Solvent
A substance that dissolves other substances to create a solution
What is a Solution
A mixture involving two or more substances.
Define what soluble substances is
If it dissolves in certain fluids
Define what an insoluble substance is
a substance that can not be dissolved in fluids
What is concentration
A measure of the amount of dissolved substance in a solution
What is the most common solvent
Water
What do we mean by a saturated solution
A solution where the solute dissolves until it is not able to dissolve any more
What is solubility
The measure of how much a solute can be dissolved
How does temperature generally affect the solubility of solids in liquids?
The higher the temperature the higher the solubility due to the kinetic energy of the solid particles making them move around more in the liquid.
What is a concentrated solution
A solution which contains a large amount of dissolved solute
What is a dilute solution
A solution which contains a small amount of dissolved solute
what happens to the particles of a solute when it dissolves in a solvent
The particles are surrounded by the solvent particles and separated from each other
what factors can affect the rate at which a solute dissolves in a solvent
Temperature, the surface area of the solute, and the agitation of the solution (dissolving sugar in water will occur more quickly if the water is stirred)
What is an example of a common solution
salt and water. Sugar and water
what is an aqueous solution
a solution in which the solvent is water
why do sugar and salt dissolve differently in water
Sugar molecules are bigger so have a larger surface area and dissolve quicker than salt
What is an element made of
An element is a pure substance and made from just one type of atom. Examples are Oxygen, Hydrogen or Iron
what is a compound
a pure substance made up of two or more elements chemically bonded together. For example water, which is made from the elements hydrogen and oxygen
what is a pure substance
a substance only made up of one element or compound. example oxygen (element) or water (compound)
What is an impure substance
A substance that contains more than one element or compound or a mixture of both and can be converted to their individual pure substances through separation techniques. examples of impure substances would be air or seawater
What is the technique used to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid
Filtration
what equipment is typically used in filtration
Funnel, filter paper and a conical flask
what is the technique used to separate a soluble solid from a liquid
Evaporation
what is the technique used to separate mixtures based on their boiling point
Distillation
what is the technique used to separate different substances based on their solubility
Chromatography
What is the solid that remains on the filter paper after filtration
residue
What is the liquid that passes through the filter paper during filtration
The filtrate
How does simple distillation differ from fractional distillation
simple is used when the boiling points are significantly different. fractional is used when the boiling points are close
what is the mobile phase in chromatography
the liquid or gas that moves through the stationary phase, carrying the sample to be separated. For example, the water would be the mobile phase and paper the stationary phase when separating inks or dyes
what is the stationary phase in chromatography
is a solid or liquid that remains in place while the mobile phase passes over it. For example the paper in paper chromatography
what is the technique used to separate a soluble solid from a liquid by forming solid crystals from the solution
Crystallisation via evaporation
