geography revision 2

Question 1

What are the four processes that form Meanders?

Answer 1

Traction, saltation, suspension and solution.

Question 2

Explain what the process of traction is to form a meandering river??

Answer 2

Large boulders and pebbles are rolled along the river bed.

Question 3

Explain the process of saltation to form a meandering river?

Answer 3

Small stones, pebbles and silt bounces along the bed and then return to the surface.

Question 4

Explain the process of solution to form a meandering river?

Answer 4

Dissolved minerals are carried by the river.

Question 5

Explain the process of suspension to form a meandering river??

Answer 5

Fine materials and sediment are carried by the river and dumpted on the banks.

Question 6

In what course of a river would you find Meanders and Oxbow lakes

Answer 6

middle course

Question 7

How is a waterfall formed

Answer 7

When water flows over different types of rock. The soft rock wears away faster than the hard rock. In time a step develops over which the river plunges as a waterfall.

Question 8

How is a Gorge formed

Answer 8

As a waterfall forms the water plunges down and cuts away rock behind the river through erosion.

Question 9

What are the four types of erosion to form a waterfall and a Gorge

Answer 9

Hydraulic action, abrasion, attrition and solution

Question 10

Describe the erosion process Hydraulic action

Answer 10

The sheer force of the river causing the bed and the bank to erode

Question 11

Describe the erosion process Abrasion when it forms waterfalls and gorges

Answer 11

Material carried by the river erodes, scraping along the bed and banks

Question 12

Describe the erosion process Attrition

Answer 12

rocks and pebbles carried by the river hit into each other, breaking down into smaller pieces

Question 13

Describe the erosion process Solution

Answer 13

The acids in the water causing erosion

Question 14

What course of the river would you find a waterfall

Answer 14

upper course where the river is fast narrow, and shallow

Question 15

what course of the river would you find a estury

Answer 15

lower course, where the river is slow, wide, and deep

Question 16

Why do rivers flood

Answer 16

Precipitation (rainfall) and storms - Heavy rainfall causes high run off (to river) as not enough time for it to infiltrate the soil.

Geology (type of rock). Runoff is higher in areas of impermeable soil (clay) or impermeable rock (granite) which means the water reaches the river quicker. If soil permeable water soaks in and take longer to reach the river channel which helps stop flooding

Land use - Removing trees that soak water up can cause flooding along with buildings and roads that are made of impermeable materials

Relief (how flat the land is) - rainfall will reach the river channel quicker in a steeper-sided valley. Flat land will take longer