Science- Reproduction

Question 1

Four main hormones that control the menstrual cycle and puberty.

Answer 1

Estrogen
Proesterone
Follicule stimulating hormone
Luteinizing hormone

Question 2

Male repo system - testes

Answer 2

Produces sperm and testrostrone

Question 3

MALE REPO system- scrotum

Answer 3

Regulates temerature for sperm and reproduction

Question 4

Male repo system- penis

Answer 4

Delievers sperm to the inside of the female reproductive system

Question 5

Male repo system- seminal vesicle

Answer 5

Produces seminal fluid that nourishes sperm

Question 6

Male repo system- prostate

Answer 6

Produces fluid that helps to protect and transport sperm - fructose is a type of sugar which enegises it giving it energy

Question 7

FRS- ovary

Answer 7

Ovary: Produces eggs (ova) and hormones (estrogen and progesterone).

Question 8

FRS- uterus

Answer 8

Uterus: Supports fetal development during pregnancy

Question 9

RPS- fallopian tube oviduct

Answer 9

Fallopian Tube (Oviduct): Site of fertilization and transports the egg to the uterus.

Question 10

FRS- cervix

Answer 10

• Cervix: Opens into the uterus and allows passage of sperm and menstrual fluid.

Question 11

FRS- vagina

Answer 11

Vagina: Birth canal and the receptacle for the penis during intercourse.

Question 12

FRS-placenta

Answer 12

Provides nutrients and oygen to the fetus and removes waste

Question 13

FRS- Umbilical cord

Answer 13

Connects the featus to the placenta supplying food and oxygen

Question 14

Changes During the Menstrual Cycle

Answer 14

Ovary: Follicles mature, ovulation occurs (release of an egg), and the corpus luteum forms.
Uterus: The endometrium thickens in preparation for a potential pregnancy and sheds if fertilization does not occur.
Hormones: Estrogen levels rise before ovulation, followed by a surge in LH; progesterone rises after ovulation.
Body Temperature: Basal body temperature typically rises slightly after ovulation due to increased progesterone.

Question 15

Definitions of key terms- ‘puberty

Answer 15

The stage of developement when a person because sexually mature and capable of reproduction

Question 16

Definitions of key terms- menstruation

Answer 16

The monthly shedding of the uterine lining when pregnacy does not occur

Question 17

Definitions of key terms-menopause

Answer 17

The end of a womans reproductive years

Question 18

Definitions of key terms- ovulation

Answer 18

Is when its the release of an egg from the ovary

Question 19

Definitions of key terms- conceive

Answer 19

To become pregnant the union of sperm and the egg

Question 20

Definitions of key terms- conception

Answer 20

The fertilization of an egg by sperm

Question 21

Definitions of key terms- pregnacy

Answer 21

The stages of pregnacys
(13-26 weeks) the embryo becomes a fetus formation of face and organs begin and movements.
(27-40 weeks) growth and maturation, final developmens and the positioning changes for the baby.

The period of development of the fetus in the womb typically lasting about 40 weeks in humans.

Question 22

Definitions of key terms- semen

Answer 22

The fluid containing sperm and seminial fluid, aka fluid which contains sperm gamate to then meet with ova to create a baby

Question 23

Definitions of key terms- fertile

Answer 23

The ability to conceive or produce offspring

Question 24

Definitions of key terms- ovum egg

Answer 24

The female gamete or reproductive cell

Question 25

Definitions of key terms- gamate

Answer 25

A reproductive cell (sperm or egg)

Question 26

Definitions of key terms- gonads

Answer 26

The reproductive organ (testes in males, ovaries in females) the produce gametes and hormones

Question 27

Definitions of key terms- fertilization

Answer 27

The process of sperm metting and penertrating an egg

Question 28

Definitions of key terms- zygote

Answer 28

The fertilized egg that results from the union of sperm and egg

Question 29

Definitions of key terms- embryo

Answer 29

The early stage of development after fertilzation until the end of the eighth week

Question 30

Definitions of key terms- embryo

Answer 30

The early stage of development after fertilzation until the end of the eighth week

Question 31

Definitions of key terms- foetus

Answer 31

The developing human from the ninth week until birth

Question 32

Definitions of key terms- sex determination

Answer 32

The process of which the sex of an organism is established, determinded by the combination of sex chromosomes (Xx for female) (Xy for male)

Question 33

Adaption of sperms

Answer 33

Adaptations: Streamlined shape for swimming, flagellum for movement, many mitochondria for energy, and an acrosome containing enzymes to penetrate the egg.

Question 34

Adapations of egg

Answer 34

Large size to store nuteriens, protective jelly like layer, and a receptor system to recognise sperm.

Question 35

Similaries for adaptions of sperm and egg cells

Answer 35

Both are gametes essential for reproduction

Question 36

Differences between adaptations of sperm and egg cells

Answer 36

Sperm are small and mobile, eggs are large and stationary, and as they both do have chromosomes, they have different onces xx, xy

Question 37

Menstrual cycle overview

Answer 37

The menstrual cycle involves the thickening of the uterine lining, ovulation (release of an egg), and shedding of the lining if fertilization does not occur basically preparing females for prenacy. If sperm fertilizes the egg, the resulting zygote implants in the uterus, leading to pregnancy and the period stops for 9 months and the cycle repeats until next pregnancy.

Question 38

Fertilization steps

Answer 38

Fertilization is the process where a sperm cell from a male combines with an egg cell from a female to form a zygote, the first step in creating a new organism. This usually happens in the ampulla of the fallopian tube after the egg is released from the ovary during ovulation. Millions of sperm are released during ejaculation and travel through the cervix and uterus to reach the egg(ova )The sperm releases enzymes to help it break through the egg’s outer layers. Once a sperm successfully enters the egg, their membranes fuse, allowing the sperm’s nucleus to join with the egg’s nucleus. This creates a zygote with genetic material from both parents. The zygote then starts to divide and develop before implanting itself in the uterus to begin a pregnancy.

Question 39

Changes during pregnancy

Answer 39

During pregnancy the body goes through hormonal changes to support fetal development, including the thickining of the uterine lining for the babys comfort , breast development and changes metabolism, this period for females is approx 40 weeks from the first day of the menstrual cycle

Question 40

Stages of labour

Answer 40

During childbirth, labor occurs in three stages. In the first stage, the cervix opens to allow the baby to pass through. This starts with early labor, where contractions are mild and spaced out, then moves to active labor with stronger contractions that help the cervix dilate to 10 centimeters. In the second stage, once the cervix is fully open, the mother pushes during contractions, and the baby moves down the birth canal. The baby is usually born head first, followed by the rest of the body. After the baby is delivered, the third stage involves the delivery of the placenta, which is the organ that nourished the baby during pregnancy. This stage typically happens within 5 to 30 minutes after birth. After the placenta is out, the mother is monitored for any complications, and she can start bonding with her baby.

Question 41

Development of twins -identical

Answer 41

Identical twins develop from a single fertilized egg that splits into two embryos sharing the same genetic material

Question 42

Development of non identical twins

Answer 42

Develop from two separate eggs fertilized by two different sperm resulting in genitically unique siblings