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ewkqkewqewq > Science Q4 > Flashcards

Science Q4 Flashcards

1
Q

Considered the standard unit and was proposed by the General Conference of Weights and Measures 1960.

A

SI Units

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2
Q

Examples of units in this system are miles, yards pounds gallons, cups, pints, and tablespoons

A

English System

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3
Q

Amount of matter in an object

A

Mass

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4
Q

The force exerted by gravity on a object

A

Weight

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5
Q

How long something is or how long the distance is from 1 point to another

A

Length

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6
Q

Amount of space occupied by an object

A

Volume

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7
Q

Mass of an object per unit volume

A

Density

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8
Q

Numbers that are certain and meaningful

A

Significant Figure

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9
Q

Made improvements to the microscope and called father of microscopy.

A

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

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10
Q

Lens that the viewer looks through to see the specimen.

A

Eyepiece

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11
Q

Means to change focus on one eyepiece as to
correct for difference in vision between your two eyes.

A

Diopter Adjustment

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12
Q

Rotating turret that houses objective lenses

A

Nose piece

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13
Q

Flat platform where the slide is placed.

A

Stage

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14
Q

Gathers and focuses light from illuminator onto the specimen being viewed.

A

Condenser

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15
Q

Light source for a microscope

A

Illumination/Mirror –

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16
Q

Supports microscope and is where illuminator is located

A

Base

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17
Q

Connects eyepiece to objective lenses.

A

Body tube/head

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18
Q

Lenses closest to the specimen

A

Objective lenses

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19
Q

Connects body tube to the base of microscope.

A

Arm/Frame

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20
Q

Brings specimen into general focus

A

Course Adjustment Knob

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21
Q

Tunes the focus and increases the detail of the
specimen.

A

Fine Adjustment Knob

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22
Q

– Basic unit of life and all living things are composed of one or more cells.

A

cells

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23
Q

Porous and semipermeable membrane that surrounds a cell. (Both)

A

Plasma/Cell Membrane

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24
Q

Contains the instructions for everything the cell does. (Both)

A

Nucleus

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25
Q

Membranes found within almost all eukaryotic cells. Has Rough and Soft ER (Both)

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum

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26
Q

– Involved in synthesizing proteins. (Both)

A

Ribosomes

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27
Q

Most important of all organelles where energy is released (Both)

A

Mitochondria

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28
Q

Modifies proteins and lipids and transports cellular substance out of the cell (Both)

A

Golgi Apparatus

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29
Q

Waste disposal unit of the cell (Animals only)

A

Lysosome

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30
Q

Stores food and water for the cell (Both)

A

Vacuole

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31
Q

Involved in cell division and production of flagella and cilia (Animals only)

A

Centrosomes

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32
Q

Long, think extension of the plasma membrane (Animals only)

A

Flagellum

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33
Q

Protects the cell and plays a role in maintaining the shape of the cell (Plants only)

A

Cell wall

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34
Q

Involved in energy storage and synthesis of metabolic materials. (Plants only)

A

Chloroplasts

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35
Q

Distance travelled divided by the time taken

A

Speed

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36
Q

How fast or how slow an object is moving

A

Average speed

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37
Q

Speed of an object at one instant of time

A

Instantaneous Speed

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38
Q

How fast an object is moving + the direction of where it is going.

A

Velocity

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39
Q

Rate of the change of velocity

A

Acceleration

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40
Q

Radiate from a disturbance. It travels through solid, liquid and gas. They transport energy without transferring matter.

A

Waves

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41
Q

Move perpendicular to the direction of travel

A

Transverse Waves

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42
Q

Moves parallel to the direction of the travel

A

Longitudinal waves

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43
Q

Needs a medium or matter to travel through

A

Mechanical waves

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44
Q

Does not require a medium or matter to propagate

A

Electromagnetic waves

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45
Q

Highest point of a wave

A

Crest

46
Q

Lower point of a wave

A

Trough

47
Q

Height of the wave

A

Amplitude

48
Q

Distance between succeeding crest/trough

A

Wavelength

49
Q

Number of complete waves to pass a fixed point or a place in given time

A

Frequency

50
Q

The time it takes to complete on vibrational

A

Period

51
Q

Speedd of the wave as it travels

A

Wave speed

52
Q

Shape made when you make a circle that revolves around two points

A

Ellipse

53
Q

The point where earth is farthest from the Sun

A

Aphelion

54
Q

Is when the earth is nearest to the sun

A

Perihelion

55
Q

Time when there is a equal number of hours of day and night.

A

Equinox

56
Q

Equal number of hours of day and night

A

Vernal Equinox

57
Q

When days begin to shorten

A

Autumnal Equinox

58
Q

Time when here is greatest or least amount of daylight

A

Solstice

59
Q

Day of the year with the longest hours of day and night

A

Summer solstice

60
Q

Shortest length of daylight in a year

A

Winter solstice

61
Q

Called the land of the “midnight sun”

A

Arctic Circle

62
Q

Highest point that it can travel in the sky

A

Zenith

63
Q

Daily and seasonal arc-like path that the sun appears to follow across the sky

A

Day arc

64
Q

Period of time before sunrise and after sunset

A

Twilight

65
Q

Time that marks the beginning of twilight before sunrise

A

Dawn

66
Q

Area near the equator and often has hot temperatures

A

Tropical zone

67
Q

Receives the highest radiation during summer

A

Subtropical zone

68
Q

Sunlight begins to form an angle with respect to the ground making it cooler

A

Temperate zone

69
Q

Polar areas with the arctic in the north and antarctic in the south

A

Cold zone

70
Q

Average weather of a locality over a long period of time

A

Climate

71
Q

Daily overall atmospheric conditions in an area

A

Weather

72
Q

Characteristic weather patterns for that particular length of time

A

Season

73
Q

Dry from november to april, rainy from may to october, and rains peaking from june to september

A

Type 1

74
Q

Rains peaking from December to February

A

Type 2

75
Q

2 distinct seasons but no pronounced maximum rain. Dry from december to february or from march to may

A

Type 3

76
Q

Has no dry season and rainfall is evenly distributed all throughout the year.

A

Type 4

77
Q

Southwest monsoon that brings heavy rains.

A

Habagat

78
Q

Seasonal change in the wind and rain patterns, marked by the movement of the ITCZ

A

Monsoon

79
Q

– Localized atmospheric phenomena made of hundreds of storm clouds that form over the oceans, and brings
heavy rain and wind.

A

Tropical Cyclone

80
Q

Caused by the northeast monsoon

A

Cold Dry Season

81
Q

– Coincides with the time the seasonal winds are transitioning between the cool dry season and rainy season

A

Warm Dry Season

82
Q

Overall weakness you would feel because of overheating.

A

Heat Exhaustion

83
Q

Cramps that happen after excessive sweating.

A

Heat Cramps

84
Q

– Most severe of the heat-related illnesses, which can happen when the body reaches 40°C.

A

Heat Stroke

85
Q

– Burning of low-lying plants in a field with little to no trees

A

Bushfire

86
Q

– Abnormally long period of low rainfall, resulting in a water shortage

A

Drought –

87
Q

– Fish literally have died in the water due to the depletion of dissolved oxygen in the water.

A

. Fish Kill

88
Q

Occurs when a sudden increase in minerals and nutrients are introduced to a body of water

A

Eutrophication

89
Q

Unusual cooling and heating of parts of the Pacific Ocean that affects the atmosphere.

A

El Niño Southern Oscillation

90
Q

This is the unusual heating up of the eastern parts of the Pacific Ocean.

A

El Niño

91
Q

– Unusual cooling of the eastern parts of the Pacific Ocean.

A

La Niña

92
Q

Effect of this abnormal cooling and heating of the ocean on the atmosphere.

A

Southern Oscillation

93
Q

Apparent path of the sun in the sky, or the celestial sphere as seen on Earth

A

Ecliptic

94
Q

When the moon gets between Earth and the Sun, blocking out the sunlight and casting a shadow on Earth

A

Solar Eclipse

95
Q

Darkest inner shadow of the moon

A

Umbra

96
Q

– Outer, less dark shadow of the moon

A

Penumbra

97
Q

– Happens when moon is at its apogee and the umbra turns into a less dark version of it self

A

Antumbra

98
Q

Occurs when the Moon completely covers the Sun, blocking all direct sunlight.

A

Total Solar Eclipse

99
Q

When the Earth, Moon, and Sun, line up in a straight line.

A

Syzygy

100
Q

– Outermost part of the Sun’s atmosphere.

A

Corona –

101
Q

– Happens when the Moon blocks only part of the Sun

A

Partial Solar Eclipse

102
Q

When the Earth passes between the Sun and the Moon, and Earth’s shadow falls on the moon

A

Lunar Eclipse

103
Q

Occurs when only a portion of the Moon enters the Earth’s umbral shadow during a lunar eclipse.

A

Partial Lunar Eclipse

104
Q

Occurs when the Moon passes through Earth’s penumbral shadow

A

Penumbral Lunar Eclipse

105
Q

– Rhythmic rise and fall of sea levels caused by the gravitational forces and push/pull exerted by the Moon and the Sun

A

Tides

106
Q

Shallow water wave caused by the gravitational interactions between the Sun, Moon, and Earth.

A

Tidal Wave

107
Q

– Moon’s gravity pulls on Earth’s oceans, making a bulge on the side of Earth closest to the moon, making high tide

A

Gravitational Pull

108
Q

Caused by the moon and the sun’s pull on the earth + the differences between those forces.

A

Tidal Force

109
Q

Sides where the tidal force pushes the water down.

A

Low Tides

110
Q

Where the tidal force pushes it up.

A

High Tides

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