Science Q4 Flashcards
1
Q
Considered the standard unit and was proposed by the General Conference of Weights and Measures 1960.
A
SI Units
2
Q
Examples of units in this system are miles, yards pounds gallons, cups, pints, and tablespoons
A
English System
3
Q
Amount of matter in an object
A
Mass
4
Q
The force exerted by gravity on a object
A
Weight
5
Q
How long something is or how long the distance is from 1 point to another
A
Length
6
Q
Amount of space occupied by an object
A
Volume
7
Q
Mass of an object per unit volume
A
Density
8
Q
Numbers that are certain and meaningful
A
Significant Figure
9
Q
Made improvements to the microscope and called father of microscopy.
A
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
10
Q
Lens that the viewer looks through to see the specimen.
A
Eyepiece
11
Q
Means to change focus on one eyepiece as to
correct for difference in vision between your two eyes.
A
Diopter Adjustment
12
Q
Rotating turret that houses objective lenses
A
Nose piece
13
Q
Flat platform where the slide is placed.
A
Stage
14
Q
Gathers and focuses light from illuminator onto the specimen being viewed.
A
Condenser
15
Q
Light source for a microscope
A
Illumination/Mirror –
16
Q
Supports microscope and is where illuminator is located
A
Base
17
Q
Connects eyepiece to objective lenses.
A
Body tube/head
18
Q
Lenses closest to the specimen
A
Objective lenses
19
Q
Connects body tube to the base of microscope.
A
Arm/Frame
20
Q
Brings specimen into general focus
A
Course Adjustment Knob
21
Q
Tunes the focus and increases the detail of the
specimen.
A
Fine Adjustment Knob
22
Q
– Basic unit of life and all living things are composed of one or more cells.
A
cells
23
Q
Porous and semipermeable membrane that surrounds a cell. (Both)
A
Plasma/Cell Membrane
24
Q
Contains the instructions for everything the cell does. (Both)
A
Nucleus
25
Membranes found within almost all eukaryotic cells. Has Rough and Soft ER (Both)
Endoplasmic Reticulum
26
– Involved in synthesizing proteins. (Both)
Ribosomes
27
Most important of all organelles where energy is released (Both)
Mitochondria
28
Modifies proteins and lipids and transports cellular substance out of the cell (Both)
Golgi Apparatus
29
Waste disposal unit of the cell (Animals only)
Lysosome
30
Stores food and water for the cell (Both)
Vacuole
31
Involved in cell division and production of flagella and cilia (Animals only)
Centrosomes
32
Long, think extension of the plasma membrane (Animals only)
Flagellum
33
Protects the cell and plays a role in maintaining the shape of the cell (Plants only)
Cell wall
34
Involved in energy storage and synthesis of metabolic materials. (Plants only)
Chloroplasts
35
Distance travelled divided by the time taken
Speed
36
How fast or how slow an object is moving
Average speed
37
Speed of an object at one instant of time
Instantaneous Speed
38
How fast an object is moving + the direction of where it is going.
Velocity
39
Rate of the change of velocity
Acceleration
40
Radiate from a disturbance. It travels through solid, liquid and gas. They transport energy without transferring matter.
Waves
41
Move perpendicular to the direction of travel
Transverse Waves
42
Moves parallel to the direction of the travel
Longitudinal waves
43
Needs a medium or matter to travel through
Mechanical waves
44
Does not require a medium or matter to propagate
Electromagnetic waves
45
Highest point of a wave
Crest
46
Lower point of a wave
Trough
47
Height of the wave
Amplitude
48
Distance between succeeding crest/trough
Wavelength
49
Number of complete waves to pass a fixed point or a place in given time
Frequency
50
The time it takes to complete on vibrational
Period
51
Speedd of the wave as it travels
Wave speed
52
Shape made when you make a circle that revolves around two points
Ellipse
53
The point where earth is farthest from the Sun
Aphelion
54
Is when the earth is nearest to the sun
Perihelion
55
Time when there is a equal number of hours of day and night.
Equinox
56
Equal number of hours of day and night
Vernal Equinox
57
When days begin to shorten
Autumnal Equinox
58
Time when here is greatest or least amount of daylight
Solstice
59
Day of the year with the longest hours of day and night
Summer solstice
60
Shortest length of daylight in a year
Winter solstice
61
Called the land of the "midnight sun"
Arctic Circle
62
Highest point that it can travel in the sky
Zenith
63
Daily and seasonal arc-like path that the sun appears to follow across the sky
Day arc
64
Period of time before sunrise and after sunset
Twilight
65
Time that marks the beginning of twilight before sunrise
Dawn
66
Area near the equator and often has hot temperatures
Tropical zone
67
Receives the highest radiation during summer
Subtropical zone
68
Sunlight begins to form an angle with respect to the ground making it cooler
Temperate zone
69
Polar areas with the arctic in the north and antarctic in the south
Cold zone
70
Average weather of a locality over a long period of time
Climate
71
Daily overall atmospheric conditions in an area
Weather
72
Characteristic weather patterns for that particular length of time
Season
73
Dry from november to april, rainy from may to october, and rains peaking from june to september
Type 1
74
Rains peaking from December to February
Type 2
75
2 distinct seasons but no pronounced maximum rain. Dry from december to february or from march to may
Type 3
76
Has no dry season and rainfall is evenly distributed all throughout the year.
Type 4
77
Southwest monsoon that brings heavy rains.
Habagat
78
Seasonal change in the wind and rain patterns, marked by the movement of the ITCZ
Monsoon
79
– Localized atmospheric phenomena made of hundreds of storm clouds that form over the oceans, and brings
heavy rain and wind.
Tropical Cyclone
80
Caused by the northeast monsoon
Cold Dry Season
81
– Coincides with the time the seasonal winds are transitioning between the cool dry season and rainy season
Warm Dry Season
82
Overall weakness you would feel because of overheating.
Heat Exhaustion
83
Cramps that happen after excessive sweating.
Heat Cramps
84
– Most severe of the heat-related illnesses, which can happen when the body reaches 40°C.
Heat Stroke
85
– Burning of low-lying plants in a field with little to no trees
Bushfire
86
– Abnormally long period of low rainfall, resulting in a water shortage
Drought –
87
– Fish literally have died in the water due to the depletion of dissolved oxygen in the water.
. Fish Kill
88
Occurs when a sudden increase in minerals and nutrients are introduced to a body of water
Eutrophication
89
Unusual cooling and heating of parts of the Pacific Ocean that affects the atmosphere.
El Niño Southern Oscillation
90
This is the unusual heating up of the eastern parts of the Pacific Ocean.
El Niño
91
– Unusual cooling of the eastern parts of the Pacific Ocean.
La Niña
92
Effect of this abnormal cooling and heating of the ocean on the atmosphere.
Southern Oscillation
93
Apparent path of the sun in the sky, or the celestial sphere as seen on Earth
Ecliptic
94
When the moon gets between Earth and the Sun, blocking out the sunlight and casting a shadow on Earth
Solar Eclipse
95
Darkest inner shadow of the moon
Umbra
96
– Outer, less dark shadow of the moon
Penumbra
97
– Happens when moon is at its apogee and the umbra turns into a less dark version of it self
Antumbra
98
Occurs when the Moon completely covers the Sun, blocking all direct sunlight.
Total Solar Eclipse
99
When the Earth, Moon, and Sun, line up in a straight line.
Syzygy
100
– Outermost part of the Sun’s atmosphere.
Corona –
101
– Happens when the Moon blocks only part of the Sun
Partial Solar Eclipse
102
When the Earth passes between the Sun and the Moon, and Earth’s shadow falls on the moon
Lunar Eclipse
103
Occurs when only a portion of the Moon enters the Earth’s umbral shadow during a lunar eclipse.
Partial Lunar Eclipse
104
Occurs when the Moon passes through Earth’s penumbral shadow
Penumbral Lunar Eclipse
105
– Rhythmic rise and fall of sea levels caused by the gravitational forces and push/pull exerted by the Moon and the Sun
Tides
106
Shallow water wave caused by the gravitational interactions between the Sun, Moon, and Earth.
Tidal Wave
107
– Moon’s gravity pulls on Earth’s oceans, making a bulge on the side of Earth closest to the moon, making high tide
Gravitational Pull
108
Caused by the moon and the sun’s pull on the earth + the differences between those forces.
Tidal Force
109
Sides where the tidal force pushes the water down.
Low Tides
110
Where the tidal force pushes it up.
High Tides
