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Year 9 > Science - Physics > Flashcards

Science - Physics Flashcards

1
Q

what is energy

A

the ability to do work. Measured in Joules (J)

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2
Q

give 4 examples of moving energy

A

Kinetic (Ek), Thermal (Q), Light (El) and Sound (Es)

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3
Q

give 5 examples of stored/potential energy

A

Elastic potential (Eep), Gravitational potential (Ep), Chemical Potential (Ecp), Nuclear Potential (En) and Electrical Potential (Ee)

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4
Q

what are the types of energy

A

moving and stored/potential

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5
Q

what unit is energy measured in

A

joules (J)

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6
Q

what is the law of conservation of energy

A

Energy can only be transformed or transferred, but not created or destroyed.

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7
Q

what is the law of electrostatic attraction

A

Objects that are oppositely charged will feel and attractive force on one another, but objects that are similarly charged will feel a repulsive force away from each other.

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8
Q

What is an ion

A

An atom (or molecule) that is not electrically neutral. It has an overall positive of negative charge.

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9
Q

How are electrons often moved or added

A

Electrons are often moved or added by rubbing, from one material to another

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10
Q

What are the two types of material

A

Conductor or insulator

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11
Q

What is a conductor

A

A material that has free electrons and allows electrons to flow through it

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12
Q

What is a free electron

A

An electron that is not tightly bound to its nucleus

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13
Q

What is an insulator

A

A material that does not have free electrons and typically does not allow charge to flow through it

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14
Q

What is charge separation

A

The imbalance of charges between two locations. Also known as ‘Static ELectricity’

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15
Q

What are the 3 main ways that charge neutralisation can occur

A

Charged object can come into contact with the ground, charged object can sit in air for a long time or charged object can be brought near oppositely-charged object.

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16
Q

How can charged neutralisation occur through contact with the ground

A

Earth is like an ocean of charge that can always accept electrons from or give electrons to an object. Charged object can touch other object that is touching the ground.

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17
Q

How can charged neutralisation occur through sitting in the air for a long time

A

Molecules in the air (especially in water vapour) can accept or give away electrons

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18
Q

How can charged neutralisation occur through bringing it into contact with an object with the opposite charge

A

Excess electrons on the negative object are attached to the positive object. When objects get close enough, electrons will move through the air toward positive object, making spark

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19
Q

What is current

A

The flow of charges from one location to another

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20
Q

Why does current occur

A

Free electrons will flow away from area of overall negative charge and toward an area of overall positive charge.

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21
Q

What is the unit current is measured in

A

ampere, A (amp)

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22
Q

What is EMF

A

the energy (per unit charge) provided to a circuit by a power source, usually called “voltage”. Measured in Volts (V)

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23
Q

What unit is voltage measured in

A

Volt, V

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24
Q

What is electric current

A

A measure of the flow of electrons from one location to another. Measured in Amps (A)

25
what is electrical resistance
the opposition to electron flow provided by a material. Measured in Ohms (Ω)
26
Do conductors have high/low resistance
Low resistance
27
Do insulators have high/low resistance
High resistance
28
As the resistance of an object increases, current moving through the object....
Decreases (if the voltage is constant)
29
What is the unit for resistance
Ohms (Ω)
30
_________ of ______in a wire means that____________of _______will flow in the wire when _________of ______ is applied across the wire.
One ohm of resistance, one amp of current, one volt of EMF
31
the resistance of a wire depends on...
The material, length, thickness and temperature.
32
how does the resistance of a wire depend on the material of the wire
some materials have high resistivity, some have low resistivity
33
how does the resistance of a wire depend on the length of the wire
long wires provide more resistance than short wires (10m race vs. 1000m race)
34
how does the resistance of a wire depend on the thickness of the wire
thin wires provide more resistance than thick wires (people in tube)
35
how does the resistance of a wire depend on the temperature
hot wires provide more resistance than cold wires (crowd)
36
What is Ohm's Law
V=IR
37
what is V in Ohm's Law
voltage
38
what is I in Ohm's Law
current
39
what is R in Ohm's Law
resistance
40
what does the gradient of a graph equal
y2-y1/x2-x1 = Δy/Δx
41
what is a resistor
an object that resists the flow of electrons
42
what is an ohmic resistor
resistors that obey Ohm's Law
43
what is a non-ohmic resistor
resistors that do not obey Ohm's Law
44
what does a complete circuit include
a power source, a load(s), path for free electrons to flow around the whole circuit
45
what is potential difference
the energy (per unit charge) transformed by a load, measured in volts (V)
46
what is a load
any part of an electrical circuit that transforms electrical energy into any other kind of energy. Unit: volts (V)
47
why do you measure potential difference
to know how much energy a load is transforming
48
what have high potential difference
loads that transform a lot of electrical energy
49
what have low potential difference
loads that transform very little electrical energy
50
how is voltage (EMF or PD) measured
by a voltmeter
51
how is current measured
by an ammeter
52
how is resistance measured
by an ohmmeter
53
what are the details of a voltmeter
must be wired in parallel, measured across a power source (EMF) of load (PD)
54
what are the details of an ammeter
must be wired in series, electrons must flow through it
55
what are the details of an ohmmeter
must be wired in parallel, load cannot have current
56
what is an atom
the basic unit of matter and the smallest particle that retains its characteristics in a chemical reaction
57
what is a load
any part of an electrical circuit that transforms electrical potential energy into another kind of energy
58
what is power
the amount of energy that is transformed by a load every second
59
what is elementary charge
the size of the charge of a single electron or proton

Year 9 (9 decks)

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