Science - Biology

Question 1

disease

Answer 1

an abnormal condition of an organism which interrupts the normal bodily functions.

Question 2

pathogen

Answer 2

a biological agent that causes disease.

Question 3

sign

Answer 3

can be detected (seen) or measured by another individual (e.g., temperature, rash).

Question 4

symptom

Answer 4

is experienced or felt by the individual affected by the disease ( e.g., pain, nausea, fatigue).

Question 5

prevention

Answer 5

inhibiting the introduction of a disease into an area, population or individual. Quarantine measures, public health programs and vaccinations are examples of preventative measures.

Question 6

treatment

Answer 6

the use of an agent or procedure (such as a drug or surgery) in an attempt to cure or mitigate a disease condition. Antibiotics, anti-fungal and anti-viral medications are examples of treatments.

Question 7

what are the 5 major groups of pathogens?

Answer 7

viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and multicellular parasites) more detail: Bacteria (e.g. Salmonella) signs and symptoms - diarrhea, stomach cramps, fever, vomiting/nausea, headache

Viruses (e.g. Ebola) signs and symptoms - fever, chills, rash, fatigue, hiccups, bleeding, bruising, blood shot eyes. eg: chickenpox

Fungi (e.g. ringworm also known as Tinea corporis) signs and symptoms - rash in ring, itching/burning.

Protozoa (e.g. Plasmodium that causes Malaria) signs and symptoms - fever, vomiting, nausea, pain, fatigue,

Multicellular parasites (e.g. tapeworm) signs and symptoms - abdominal cramps, nausea, fatigue, vomiting, diarrhea, weight loss, vitamin and mineral deficiency, worms in stool.

Question 8

health

Answer 8

a state of physical, mental and social well-being.

Question 9

what in an infectious disease

Answer 9

caused by pathogens and can be passed, directly or indirectly, from one individual to another. Examples include the common cold, influenza and hepatitis.

Question 10

what is a non-infectious disease

Answer 10

not caused by pathogens. They are caused by inherited, nutritional or environmental conditions. Examples include diabetes, asthma and cancer. Non-infectious diseases cannot spread from person to person through a community.

Question 11

what are some factors that may cause a non-infectious disease

Answer 11

1. Physiological malfunction (systems or organs of the body not functioning properly) eg: Asthma
2. Environmental factors (chemical toxins, radiation exposure) eg: skin cancer from UV radiation
3. Heredity (inheritance of faulty gene/chromosome combinations, for example, Cystic fibrosis or Huntington’s disease)
4. Incorrect nutrition (under-nutrition or malnutrition) eg: Anemia

Question 12

how is a disease transmitted if it is food borne, provide an example

Answer 12

transmitted by food. e.g.salmonella

Question 13

how is a disease transmitted if it is air-borne, provide an example

Answer 13

transmitted by tiny droplets of moisture during exhalation, e.g. tuberculosis

Question 14

how is a disease transmitted if it is insect-borne, provide an example

Answer 14

transmitted by a vector (insect) e.g. malaria

Question 15

how is a disease transmitted if it is water-borne, provide an example

Answer 15

through ingesting contaminated water, e.g. cholera

Question 16

how is a disease transmitted if it is transmitted through direct contact, provide an example

Answer 16

transmitted by direct contact between people or objects handled by people, e.g. ringworm

Question 17

how is a disease transmitted if it is a sexually transmitted disease, provide an example

Answer 17

transmitted through intimate sexual contact, e.g. HIV

Question 18

what are the 6 modes of transmission of disease

Answer 18

insect-borne, food-borne, air-borne, water-borne, direct contact and sexually transmitted

Question 19

contrast bacteria and viruses

Answer 19

bacteria: are unicellular, binary fission (don’t require a host cell to reproduce), prokaryotic, living, can have flagellum and are larger than viruses. Whereas,
Viruses: are non cellular, require a host cell to reproduce, non-living, no flagellum and are smaller than bacteria.

Question 20

what does vector mean

Answer 20

insect

Question 21

what does flagellum mean

Answer 21

a long, slender, whiplike cellular structure used generally for locomotion. It is like a propeller that spins and pushes the cell forward, allowing it to go where it wants to go.

Question 22

what does binary fission mean and what would be binary fission

Answer 22

does not require a host cell to reproduce, bacteria use binary fission

Question 23

contrast infectious and non-infectious diseases

Answer 23

infectious: passed from person to person, caused by pathogen (bacteria, virus, fungi, protozoa and multicellular parasites), whereas
non-infectious: not passed from person to person, caused by lifestyle or environmental factors (heredity, environmental factors, incorrect nutrition, physiological malfunction).

Question 24

what does heredity mean, provide an example

Answer 24

inheritance of faulty gene/chromosome, e.g. down syndrome

Question 25

what does environmental factor mean, provide an example

Answer 25

chemical toxins an radiation exposure, e.g. smoking

Question 26

what does incorrect nutrition mean, provide an example

Answer 26

under nutrition or malnutrition, e.g. diabetes

Question 27

what does physiological malfunction mean, provide an example

Answer 27

systems or organs not functioning properly e.g. asthma